Table II.
Mean difference in age (months) at attaining pubertal milestones according to parental time to pregnancy and use of medically assisted reproduction (MAR), the Puberty Cohort, Denmark, 2012–2018.
| Time to pregnancy (TTP) in months (mo) and use of MARa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TTP: 6–12 mo (n = 993 boys and 997 girls) | TTP: >12 mo (n = 581 boys and 638 girls) | TTP: 6–12 mo + MAR (n = 109 boys and 115 girls) | TTP: >12 mo + MAR (n = 591 boys and 617 girls | |
| Pubertal milestones | Age differenceb (95% CI) | Age differenceb (95% CI) | Age differenceb (95% CI) | Age differenceb (95% CI) |
| Boys (n = 6299) | ||||
| Tanner stages— genitals | ||||
| Stage 2 | −0.1 (−1.6; 1.5) | 1.5 (−0.4; 3.3) | 1.7 (−2.1; 5.5) | 0.4 (−1.8; 2.5) |
| Stage 3 | 1.2 (−0.3; 2.6) | 0.7 (−1.2; 2.6) | 0.7 (−3.5; 4.9) | 0.3 (−1.8; 2.3) |
| Stage 4 | 1.0 (−0.5; 2.5) | 0.9 (−1.0; 2.8) | −0.8 (−4.8; 3.3) | 1.0 (−0.8; 2.8) |
| Stage 5 | 1.6 (−0.8; 3.9) | 0.4 (−2.4; 3.2) | −5.7 (−10.9; −0.5) | 1.0 (−1.8; 3.9) |
| Tanner stages— pubic hair | ||||
| Stage 2 | 0.6 (−0.9; 2.0) | 0.8 (−1.1; 2.6) | 0.0 (−3.2; 3.2) | −0.7 (−2.6; 1.2) |
| Stage 3 | 1.3 (−0.0; 2.6) | 0.7 (−1.0; 2.4) | 0.5 (−2.9; 4.0) | 0.6 (−1.0; 2.2) |
| Stage 4 | 1.0 (−0.3; 2.2) | 1.0 (−0.5; 2.6) | −0.0 (−3.5; 3.5) | 0.3 (−1.4; 2.0) |
| Stage 5 | 1.7 (0.1; 3.3) | 1.2 (−0.7; 3.2) | 0.7 (−4.9; 6.3) | 0.8 (−1.4; 2.9) |
| Axillary hair | 1.3 (−0.3; 3.0) | 0.3 (−1.8; 2.4) | 2.0 (−1.8; 5.9) | −0.4 (−2.5; 1.6) |
| Acne | −0.3 (−1.8; 1.2) | −1.8 (−3.5; 1.3) | 0.1 (−4.0; 4.1) | −1.7 (−3.8; 0.4) |
| Voice break | 0.8 (−0.7; 2.4) | −1.9 (−3.9; 0.1) | 2.2 (−3.4; 7.9) | −1.9 (−3.8; 0.1) |
| First ejaculation | 0.7 (−0.7; 2.2) | 1.6 (−0.3; 3.4) | 2.0 (−2.4; 6.3) | 0.9 (−1.0; 2.8) |
| Girls (n = 6641) | ||||
| Tanner stages— breast | ||||
| Stage 2 | −2.4 (−4.6; −0.3) | −2.2 (−4.8; 0.4) | 1.6 (−4.2; 7.4) | −3.1 (−6.1; −0.1) |
| Stage 3 | −0.4 (−1.7; 0.9) | −1.2 (−2.8; 0.4) | −0.4 (−4.2; 3.4) | −1.3 (−3.1; 0.5) |
| Stage 4 | −0.6 (−2.0; 0.7) | −0.5 (−2.2; 1.2) | 1.2 (−3.0; 5.4) | −0.6 (−2.4; 1.2) |
| Stage 5 | −0.4 (−3.0; 2.2) | −0.3 (−3.2; 2.8) | −3.7 (−10.5; 3.1) | −1.6 (−4.9; 1.8) |
| Tanner stages— pubic hair | ||||
| Stage 2 | −0.7 (−1.8; 0.5) | −0.2 (−1.6; 1.1) | −0.6 (−3.5; 2.3) | −1.1 (−2.7; 0.4) |
| Stage 3 | 0.2 (−0.9; 1.2) | −0.4 (−1.7; 0.9) | 0.6 (−2.8; 4.0) | −1.1 (−2.6; 0.5) |
| Stage 4 | −0.5 (−1.8; 0.8) | −0.7 (−2.4; 1.0) | −0.9 (−5.0; 3.2) | −1.1 (−3.0; 0.8) |
| Stage 5 | −1.7 (−3.7; 0.4) | −1.5 (−3.8; 0.9) | −5.2 (−10.8; 0.3) | −2.4 (−5.1; 0.3) |
| Axillary hair | 0.3 (−1.2; 1.7) | −1.3 (−3.1; 0.7) | −0.9 (−5.0; 3.2) | −0.9 (−3.1; 1.3) |
| Acne | 0.0 (−1.7; 1.7) | −0.8 (−2.7; 1.2) | 0.4 (−4.0; 4.8) | −1.2 (−3.4; 1.0) |
| Menarche | −0.7 (−1.8; 0.5) | −0.2 (−1.6; 1.1) | 1.6 (−2.0; 5.2) | −0.5 (−2.0; 1.0) |
aAdjusted for parity, maternal age at menarche, age at delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking during first trimester as well as the highest social class of the parents. Analyses included sampling and selection weights.
bCompared to the group of children born by parents with a TTP ≤ 5 months (more fertile (reference), n = 4025 boys and 4274 girls).