Table 1. Demographic and milk exposure factors associated with RVFV exposure.
| Prior Exposure to RVFV | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Total Cohort (n = 4,223) |
No Infection (n = 3,956) |
Infection (n = 267) |
p value | SMD |
| Village–n (%) | <0.001 | 1.373 | |||
| Bodhei | 206 (4.9) | 170 (4.3) | 36 (13.5) | ||
| Busia | 2,634 (62.4) | 2,605 (65.8) | 29 (10.9) | ||
| Masalani | 249 (5.9) | 215 (5.4) | 34 (12.7) | ||
| Sangailu | 1,134 (26.9) | 966 (24.4) | 168 (62.9) | ||
| Region–n (%) | <0.001 | 1.371 | |||
| West | 2643 (62.4) | 2605 (65.8) | 29 (10.9) | ||
| East | 1580 (47.6) | 1351 (34.2) | 238 (89.1) | ||
| Age–(mean (SD)) | 26.03 (19.62) | 25.04 (19.24) | 40.70 (19.41) | <0.001 | 0.811 |
| –(median (IQR)) | 21.0 (9.0, 39.0) | 19.0 (8.0, 87.0) | 40.0 (26.5, 52.5) | ||
| Female–n (%) | 2,012 (47.6) | 1,870 (47.3) | 142 (53.2) | 0.072 | 0.118 |
| Milking–n (%)* | |||||
| Any | 1,470 (34.8) | 1,264 (32.0) | 206 (77.2) | <0.001 | 1.024 |
| Cow | 1,219 (28.9) | 1,026 (25.9) | 193 (72.3) | <0.001 | 1.052 |
| Sheep or Goat** | 1,000 (23.7) | 799 (20.2) | 201 (75.3) | <0.001 | 1.267 |
| Camel | 9 (0.2) | 8 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 1 | 0.022 |
| Raw Milk Consumption–n (%)* | |||||
| Any | 1,551(36.7) | 1,320 (33.4) | 231 (86.5) | <0.001 | 1.273 |
| Cow | 1,491 (35.3) | 1,267 (32.0) | 224 (83.9) | <0.001 | 1.236 |
| Sheep | 1,502 (35.6) | 1,275 (32.2) | 227 (85.0) | <0.001 | 1.266 |
| Goat | 1,502 (35.6) | 1,274 (32.2) | 228 (85.4) | <0.001 | 1.287 |
| Camel | 19 (0.4) | 16 (0.4) | 3 (1.1) | 0.237 | 0.082 |
* = the following milk types are not mutually exclusive.
** = sheep or goats were conflated into a category described as “shoats” in the questionnaires administered to participants in Busia, but sheep and goats were referred to separately in questionnaires utilized in all other regions. Therefore, all respondents reporting milking behavior with “shoats”, “sheep”, or “goats” were included in an inclusive category of “sheep or goats” for the purpose of this analysis. IQR = interquartile range; 25th and 75th percentile. Percentages may include missing values in each category.