Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics Related to Demographic Characteristics, Risk and Protective Factors, Substance Use, and Delinquency and Criminal Involvement for Adolescent Gang Members (N = 449)

	M (SD)	%
Demographics
Male		58%
Age	17.39 (1.53)
Race/ethnicity
Black		60%
Latino		28%
Other race		13%
Financial stress (1–5)	2.73 (1.45)
Years in gang (0–19)	4.99 (3.88)
Family factors
Currently lives with parent/guardian		57%
Family communication (1–6)	3.21 (1.73)
Family monitoring (1–6)	3.47 (1.70)
Parental investment (1–5)	3.60 (1.17)
Parent/guardian uses drugs in front of adolescent		30%
Parent/guardian allows adolescent alcohol/drug use		38%
Number of family members in gangs (0–8)	2.57 (2.37)
Parent/guardian incarceration		50%
School factors
Currently enrolled in or graduated from school		67%
Feels safe at school		70%
School involvement (past year, 1–4)	2.60 (0.76)
Neighborhood factors
Collective monitoring (1–4)	2.60 (0.74)
Police interactions (0–4)	2.13 (1.31)
Neighborhood disorder (1–4)	2.57 (0.63)
Outcomes
Substance use
Days of heavy episodic drinking (past 2 weeks)	2.02 (3.23)
Days of marijuana use (past 30 days)	12.90 (13.15)
Any hard drug use (past 30 days)		44%
Delinquency and criminal involvement
Arrest (0–3)	1.28 (1.22)
Delinquent behaviors (past year, 0–6)	3.14 (2.30)
Drug distribution (past 6 months, 0–10)	4.74 (3.77)
Perpetrated sexual violence		8%

When not indicated, timeframe for measures is “ever.”