Table 3.
Associations between cannabis joint-years from ∼age 12 to 32 and cardiometabolic risk factors at ∼age 32.
| Statistical Testsb |
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age-, Race-, and Medication-Adjusted Means as a Function of Cannabis Usea | Model 1: Adjusted for Age, Race, and Medication Use | Model 2: + Adjustment for Tobacco Pack-Years | Model 3: + Adjustment for Childhood SES and Health | Model 4: + Adjustment for BMI | ||||||||||||
| Risk Factor | Never Used | <5 Y | 5 to <10 Y | 10+ Y | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.91 | 29.38 | 27.58 | 26.65 | −0.31 | −0.44, −0.19 | <.001 | −0.21 | −0.34, −0.07 | .003 | −0.20 | −0.34, −0.06 | .006 | - | - | - |
| WHR | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.88 | −0.23 | −0.37, −0.08 | .002 | −0.24 | −0.39, −0.09 | .002 | −0.24 | −0.39, −0.09 | .002 | −0.11 | −0.25, 0.03 | .12 |
| HDLc (mg/dL) | 42.72 | 47.41 | 47.51 | 49.13 | 0.14 | 0.01, 0.27 | .036 | 0.14 | 0.01, 0.29 | .047 | 0.14 | −0.01, 0.28 | .06 | 0.05 | −0.10, 0.19 | .52 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 113.70 | 100.13 | 100.70 | 109.59 | −0.15 | −0.28, −0.02 | .026 | −0.11 | −0.25, 0.03 | .11 | −0.09 | −0.23, 0.05 | .22 | −0.07 | −0.22, 0.07 | .30 |
| Trig (mg/dL) | 139.85 | 130.69 | 104.06 | 123.64 | −0.17 | −0.30, −0.04 | .009 | −0.16 | −0.30, −0.02 | .021 | −0.15 | −0.29, −0.01 | .036 | −0.09 | −0.23, 0.05 | .19 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 102.43 | 92.05 | 94.16 | 95.71 | −0.15 | −0.23, −0.07 | <.001 | −0.13 | −0.22, −0.04 | .004 | −0.13 | −0.21, −0.04 | .005 | −0.09 | −0.18, −0.01 | .038 |
| HOMA-IR | 5.24 | 3.44 | 3.21 | 2.76 | −0.21 | −0.34, −0.07 | .003 | −0.10 | −0.24, 0.04 | .18 | −0.09 | −0.23, 0.05 | .22 | 0.08 | −0.03, 0.18 | .14 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 125.54 | 122.49 | 118.03 | 121.65 | −0.22 | −0.35, −0.10 | <.001 | −0.15 | −0.28, −0.02 | .028 | −0.14 | −0.27, −0.01 | .042 | −0.06 | −0.18, 0.06 | .31 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 73.82 | 71.93 | 69.08 | 73.76 | −0.15 | −0.29, −0.02 | .028 | −0.11 | −0.26, 0.03 | .12 | −0.09 | −0.24, 0.05 | .21 | −0.06 | −0.20, 0.08 | .38 |
| MetS | 2.00 | 1.35 | 0.89 | 1.02 | −0.27 | −0.41, −0.14 | <.001 | −0.22 | −0.36, −0.07 | .004 | −0.22 | −0.37, −0.07 | .004 | −0.07 | −0.19, 0.05 | .28 |
| Il-6 (mg/L) | 1.72 | 2.14 | 1.88 | 2.13 | −0.08 | −0.23, 0.07 | .30 | −0.11 | −0.27, 0.05 | .18 | −0.09 | −0.25, 0.07 | .29 | −0.02 | −0.16, 0.12 | .79 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.94 | 2.16 | 2.54 | 1.83 | −0.03 | −0.19, 0.12 | .69 | −0.02 | −0.19, 0.15 | .83 | −0.02 | −0.19, 0.15 | .84 | 0.07 | −0.08, 0.21 | .39 |
Note. Means on cardiometabolic risk factors (adjusted for age, medication use, and race) are shown for participants grouped according to their cumulative cannabis joint-years: never used, <5 joint-years, 5 to <10 joint-years, and 10+ joint-years. BMI, triglycerides, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, IL-6, and CRP were log-transformed for statistical tests but means are not log-transformed.
Statistical analyses tested associations between cannabis joint-years (a log-transformed continuous variable) and cardiometabolic risk factors, and standardized beta coefficients are presented.
Higher values indicate better health. Statistically significant associations are bolded. BMI=body mass index. WHR=waist-hip ratio. HDL=high density lipoprotein. LDL=low density lipoprotein. Trig=triglycerides. Glucose=fasting glucose. HOMA-IR=insulin resistance. SBP=systolic blood pressure. DBP=diastolic blood pressure. MetS=count of metabolic syndrome criteria. IL-6=interleukin 6. CRP=C-reactive protein.