Table 3.
The contents of minerals in diet, hair and serum according to glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations
| HbA1c* | T-CHOL | TAG* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 7% (n = 16) | > 7% (n = 15) | < 4.9 mmol/l (n = 13) | ≥ 4.9 mmol/l (n = 18) | < 1.7 mmol/l (n = 15) | ≥ 1.7 mmol/l (n = 16) | |
| Fe serum (mg/L) | 1.11 ± 0.46 | 1.25 ± 0.47 | 1.12 ± 0.45 | 1.44 ± 0.14 | 1.09 ± 0.57 | 1.20 ± 0.30 |
| Hair (μg/g) | 19.55 ± 8.79 | 24.50 ± 12.25 | 21.80 ± 9.12 | 24.55 ± 9.87 | 25.02 ± 16.56 | 21.22 ± 3.40 |
| Diet (mg/day) | 12.01 ± 2.22a | 10.31 ± 2.02b | 9.32 ± 1.44 | 11.43 ± 2.17 | 10.63 ± 2.79 | 11.27 ± 2.02 |
| Zn serum (mg/L) | 0.57 ± 0.15 | 0.61 ± 0.17 | 0.61 ± 0.14 | 0.56 ± 0.10 | 0.68 ± 0.10a | 0.54 ± 0.15b |
| Hair (μg/g) | 135.43 ± 57.89 | 130.56 ± 67.51 | 134.78 ± 67.56 | 130.42 ± 58.67 | 134 ± 45.22 | 131.97 ± 80.23 |
| Diet (mg/day) | 9.61 ± 2.71 | 10.40 ± 1.54 | 9.50 ± 2.62 | 10.06 ± 2.10 | 8.56 ± 1.52 | 10.47 ± 2.11 |
| Cu serum (mg/L) | 1.09 ± 0.31 | 1.07 ± 0.29 | 1.08 ± 0.23 | 1.06 ± 0.24 | 1.12 ± 0.29 | 1.04 ± 0.31 |
| Hair (μg/g) | 13.67 ± 4.97 | 12.13 ± 2.18 | 16.08 ± 5.54 | 12.42 ± 3.35 | 14.98 ± 8.35 | 12.83 ± 3.40 |
| Diet (mg/day) | 1.31 ± 0.38 | 1.13 ± 0.22 | 0.92 ± 0.18a | 1.28 ± 0.29b | 1.11 ± 0.28 | 1.26 ± 0.32 |
| Cu/Zn ratio | ||||||
| Serum | 1.54 ± 0.64 | 1.47 ± 0.61 | 1.09 ± 0.25a | 1.78 ± 0.66b | 1.35 ± 0.58 | 1.60 ± 0.66 |
| Hair | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.14 ± 0.10 | 0.15 ± 0.09 | 0.15 ± 0.11 | 0.15 ± 0.09 | 0.15 ± 0.13 |
| Diet | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.02 |
Data are mean ± SD; HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, T-CHOL total cholesterol concentration, TAG triacylglycerol concentration; in rows, different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between diabetic and control group at p < 0.05
*According to recommendation of Polish Diabetes Association guidelines (2018)