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. 2018 Oct 8;18(2):212–224. doi: 10.1007/s12311-018-0981-y

Table 2.

Resting-state fMRI connectivity increase of general and selective connectivity in PD patients (N = 24) in the ON condition compared to the OFF condition*

Maximum Structure x y z T p Corrected
1 Right cerebellum—AL, cerebellar nuclei 9 − 46 − 26 5.74 0.00001 ***
Right ventrolateral posterior thalamus 15 − 19 7 8.22 0.00001 **
Left ventrolateral posterior thalamus − 16 − 17 4 4.21 0.001 ***
Right mesencephalon (red ncl.) 5 − 23 − 9 3.91 0.001 ***
Left mesencephalon (red ncl.) − 8 − 24 − 9 4.11 0.001 ***
Left globus pallidus − 19 − 5 − 6 4.65 0.001 ***
Left SMA, BA6 − 21 − 22 55 6.29 0.000001
Left premotor, BA6 − 6 17 64 3.79 0.001
2 Right cerebellum—AL, vermis (culmen), lobule V (92%) 6 − 52 − 14 5.53 0.00001 ***
Right subthalamus 9 − 13 − 5 3.27 0.01
Left subthalamus − 6 − 10 − 5 4.22 0.001
3 Right cerebellum—AL, vermis (culmen), lobule V (54%) 3 − 55 − 11 5.48 0.00001 ***
Right subthalamus 3 − 7 − 5 4.95 0.0001 ***
Left subthalamus − 3 − 7 − 5 4.59 0.0001 ***
Right posterior and mediodorsal thalamus 11 − 27 6 4.32 0.0001 ***
Left posterior and mediodorsal thalamus − 12 − 28 6 3.72 0.001 ***
Brainstem 11 − 26 − 26 3.85 0.001 ***
4 Tegmentum − 3 − 31 − 14 5.45 0.00001 ***
Right mesencephalon (substantia nigra) 8 − 19 − 17 3.86 0.001 ***
Left mesencephalon (substantia nigra) − 7 − 20 − 17 3.64 0.001 ***
Right ventrolateral posterior thalamus 18 − 22 10 3.87 0.001 *
Left ventrolateral posterior thalamus − 13 − 22 12 4.23 0.001 ***
Left globus pallidus − 18 5 − 8 4.24 0.001
Left SMA BA6 3 − 1 64 3.81 0.001
Left premotor − 33 − 1 58 4.08 0.001
5 Right cerebellum—AL, hemisphere (lingual), lobule V (86%) 9 − 49 − 17 5.43 0.00001 ***
Right ventral anterior thalamus 6 − 14 − 1 3.03 0.01 ***
Left ventral anterior thalamus − 6 − 15 − 2 3.65 0.001 ***
Left globus pallidus − 12 0 − 5 4.05 0.001 ***
Tegmentum 4 − 31 − 10 4.16 0.001 ***
6 Left inferior posterolateral pons − 12 − 34 − 38 4.81 0.0001 ***
Right posterior and ventrolateral posterior thalamus 15 − 20 9 4.44 0.0001 ***
Left posterior and ventrolateral posterior thalamus − 15 − 21 9 4.16 0.001 ***
Left posterior putamen − 29 − 10 − 1 4.23 0.001 ***
Left anterior putamen − 20 6 −5 4.39 0.001 ***
Right globus pallidus 23 −5 −5 4.15 0.001 ***
Brainstem 6 −25 −28 3.63 0.001 ***
7 Right cerebellum—PL, vermis, lobule IX (68%) 6 − 58 − 41 4.59 0.0001 ***
Right ventral thalamus 10 − 16 0 3.97 0.001 ***
Left ventral thalamus − 9 − 16 − 2 3.84 0.001 ***
Pons − 6 − 16 − 35 5.43 0.00001 ***
8 Left cerebellum—PL, hemisphere (tonsil) − 21 − 55 − 41 4.35 0.0001 ***
Left posterior thalamus (pulvinar) − 15 − 28 10 4.00 0.001
9 Left cerebellum—PL, hemisphere, nuclei, lobule VI (72%) − 12 − 55 − 20 4.28 0.0001 ***
Left globus pallidus, putamen − 12 5 8 4.19 0.001
10 Left cerebellum—PL, vermis, lobule VIIIa (56%) − 6 − 67 − 38 4.27 0.0001 ***
Right posterior and ventrolateral posterior thalamus 18 − 25 1 4.03 0.001 ***
11 Right cerebellum—PL, vermis, lobule IX (56%) 3 − 49 − 44 4.27 0.0001 ***
Left SM1, BA 4 − 36 − 31 61 5.09 0.0001
Right SMA, BA 6 9 −25 61 3.96 0.001
12 Left cerebellum—PL, vermis, lobule IX (78%) 6 − 46 − 47 4.20 0.001 ***
Right SM1, BA 4 18 − 28 64 3.66 0.001
Left SM1, BA 4 − 24 28 55 5.11 0.0001
Left globus pallidus, putamen − 18 − 1 − 2 3.58 0.001
13 Left cerebellum—AL, cerebellar nuclei − 9 − 46 − 32 4.12 0.001 ***
Right anterior thalamus 6 − 4 1 3.43 0.001
Left anterior thalamus − 3 − 4 1 3.00 0.01
14 Left cerebellum—PL, hemisphere (tonsil), lobule IX (55%) − 9 − 58 − 44 4.07 0.001 ***
Left ventrolateral posterior thalamus − 15 − 22 7 4.73 0.0001 ***
Right ventral anterior thalamus 12 − 7 1 3.00 0.01 ***
Left ventral anterior thalamus − 9 − 7 1 3.24 0.001 ***
Right posterior thalamus 16 − 27 − 2 3.00 0.01 ***
Left posterior thalamus − 12 − 28 − 2 3.85 0.001 ***
15 Left cerebellum—PL, vermis, lobule VI (50%) − 3 − 61 − 26 4.00 0.001 ***
Right mediodorsal thalamus 12 − 18 6 3.88 0.001
Left ventrolateral thalamus − 15 − 7 7 4.02 0.001
16 Left cerebellum—AL, hemisphere (sup. quadrangular), lobule V (64%) − 12 − 49 − 11 3.97 0.001 *
Right posterior and ventrolateral posterior thalamus 18 − 19 7 4.48 0.0001 ***
Left posterior thalamus − 12 − 31 7 3.93 0.001 ***

*Maxima 1–16 (values in bold) denote the local maxima of general connectivity increase (based on the EC analysis) located in the cerebellum and brainstem after levodopa administration compared to condition without dopaminergic treatment. The analysis was restricted by mask involving expanded primary motor, premotor, sensorimotor cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum. Selective connectivity increase (based on correlation analysis) for all extra-cerebellar brain structures within the mask with each seed region in the ON as compared to the OFF condition is shown in non-bold values. All seed regions (maxima 1–16) are sorted according to the T-score in descending fashion. x, y, z local maxima of clusters in MNI coordinates derived from the contrast ON vs. OFF condition, T T-score, p uncorrected level of significance; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001—significance with family-wise error correction at cluster level; AL anterior lobe of the cerebellum, PL posterior lobe of the cerebellum