Table 4.
Summary of the dimensional changes observed in the bulk sample, crystal unit cell, and hierarchical structure
| Stage I (Initial elastic region) | Stage II (Strain hardening) | Total (I + II) | Stage III (After fracturing) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample length (mm) | 15.0 → 15.5 | 15.5 → 18.3 | 15.0 → 18.3 | not evaluated |
| Bulk strain (ε) (%) | 3.3 | 18.7 | 22.0 | not evaluated |
| d002 (Å) | 3.52 → 3.54 | 3.54 → 3.57 | 3.52 → 3.57 | 3.57 → 3.52 |
| Crystal strain (εc) (%) | 0.57 | 0.85 | 1.41 | −1.40 |
| Long period (Lp1st) (nm) | 37.5 → 38.1 | 38.1 → 44.7 | 37.5 → 44.7 | 44.7 → 44.0 |
| Strain of long period (εL) (%) | 1.6 | 17.6 | 19.2 | −1.6 |