Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics among patients with ADHD and healthy controls.
| Variable | ADHD (n = 20) mean ± SD | Controls (n = 20) mean ± SD | Statistic | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 29.9 ± 9.5 | 29.0 ± 7.4 | t = 0.32 | 0.75 |
| Gender (f/m) | 4/16 | 5/15 | X2 = 0.14 | 0.71 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 3.8 | 24.3 ± 2.7 | t = 0.64 | 0.53 |
| HRmax (beats/min) | 179.9 ± 9.6 | 187.2 ± 10.1 | t = −2.33 | 0.025* |
| VO2peak (mL/min/kg) | 37.1 ± 7.2 | 41.5 ± 7.3 | t = −1.94 | 0.060 |
| VO2peak (% ranking) | 40.3 ± 22.8 | 51.0 ± 21.7 | t = −1.53 | 0.14 |
| BDI | 9.3 ± 5.4 | 2.3 ± 2.8 | t = 4.82 | <0.001* |
| ADHS-SB | 31.4 ± 8.2 | 5.0 ± 4.4 | t = 12.71 | <0.001* |
| WURS-k | 40.4 ± 15.1 | 8.4 ± 6.8 | t = 8.65 | <0.001* |
| PA total score | 8,775 ± 8,922 | 4,044 ± 3,478 | t = 2.21 | 0.037* |
| PA work | 4,941 ± 8,349 | 235 ± 662 | t = 2.45 | 0.025* |
| PA transportation | 1,582 ± 2,489 | 973 ± 863 | t = 1.03 | 0.31 |
| PA domestic | 856 ± 1,035 | 1,005 ± 2,425 | t = −0.25 | 0.80 |
| PA leisure | 1,643 ± 1,776 | 1,831 ± 1,840 | t = −0.33 | 0.75 |
| PA walking | 1981 ± 2247 | 608 ± 743 | t = 2.59 | 0.016* |
| PA moderate | 3,390 ± 3,378 | 2,118 ± 2,508 | t = 1.35 | 0.18 |
| PA vigorous | 3,404 ± 5,989 | 1,318 ± 1,832 | t = 1.49 | 0.15 |
| Stimulant medicationa | n = 4 | — | — | — |
*
p <0.05.
a
current medication, discontinued 48 h prior to each visit. BMI, body mass index; HRmax, maximal heart rate as assessed by maximal exercise test; VO2peak, peak oxygen consumption as tested by maximal exercise test; VO2peak (% ranking), peak oxygen uptake transformed into age- and gender-adapted percentiles; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; ADHS-SB, ADHD Self Rating Scale; WURS-k, Wender Utah Rating Scale, retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD; PA, Physical activity as assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, expressed in MET-minutes/week.