Table 3.

Standardized beta coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of ΔeCRF from HUNT2 to HUNT3 with BPF, hippocampal, and cortical volume measured at HUNT3, stratified by change in HADS (n = 751).

		Brain region
		BPF (Mean = 69.7%)*		Hippocampal volume (Mean = 7,599 μl)**		Cortical volume (Mean = 426,764 μl)**
	n	β (95% CI)	Adjusted R2	β (95% CI)	Adjusted R2	β (95% CI)	Adjusted R2
HADS-A change
Remained low	608	0.17 (0.09, 0.24)	0.24	0.08 (0.01, 0.14)	0.38	0.04 (0.004, 0.08)	0.78
Improved	58	0.25 (−0.01, 0.51)	0.26	0.09 (−0.13, 0.30)	0.61	0.08 (−0.07, 0.22)	0.79
Worsened	45	0.07 (−0.17, 0.32)	0.38	0.14 (−0.12, 0.40)	0.44	0.13 (0.001, 0.27)	0.82
Remained high	40	0.12 (−0.14, 0.37)	0.24	0.10 (−0.16, 0.36)	0.30	0.02 (−0.14, 0.18)	0.69
HADS-D change
Remained low	645	0.17 (0.10, 0.24)	0.23	0.08 (0.02, 0.14)	0.39	0.05 (0.01, 0.09)	0.77
Improved	32	0.28 (0.02, 0.53)	0.49	0.09 (−0.34, 0.51)	0.35	0.15 (−0.02, 0.31)	0.83
Worsened	50	−0.03 (−0.27, 0.21)	0.24	0.16 (−0.09, 0.41)	0.53	0.11 (−0.02, 0.23)	0.85
Remained high	24	0.26 (−0.26, 0.78)	0.42	0.29 (−0.17, 0.76)	0.39	−0.14 (−0.38, 0.09)	0.81

BPF, brain parenchymal fraction; eCRF, estimated cardiorespiratory fitness; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety subscale; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression subscale. Bold text indicates statistically significant associations at p < 0.05.

^*Adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, and eCRF at HUNT2.

^**Adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, intracranial volume, and eCRF at HUNT2.