Table 2.

Analysis of variance for the bone mineral density of the total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and whole body

Variable	Male			Female
	Model 1*	Model 2†	Model 3‡	Model 1*	Model 2†	Model 3‡
Total hip
Group 1	0.932±0.005	0.937±0.005	0.944±0.007	0.853±0.005	0.857±0.004	0.871±0.011
Group 2	0.913±0.008	0.903±0.008	0.913±0.010	0.846±0.010	0.839±0.010	0.859±0.015
Group 3	0.875±0.012	0.860±0.011	0.874±0.014	0.833±0.009	0.819±0.009	0.835±0.014
P for trend	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.037	<0.001	<0.001
Femoral neck
Group 1	0.776±0.005	0.780±0.005	0.786±0.007	0.710±0.004	0.713±0.004	0.727±0.011
Group 2	0.754±0.007	0.746±0.007	0.754±0.009	0.706±0.011	0.701±0.010	0.720±0.015
Group 3	0.735±0.011	0.723±0.011	0.732±0.013	0.692±0.009	0.681±0.009	0.694±0.014
P for trend	0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.078	<0.001	<0.001
Lumbar spine
Group 1	0.932±0.007	0.937±0.007	0.946±0.008	0.927±0.005	0.930±0.005	0.928±0.013
Group 2	0.929±0.009	0.920±0.009	0.931±0.011	0.905±0.010	0.900±0.010	0.904±0.016
Group 3	0.903±0.013	0.888±0.012	0.898±0.015	0.921±0.011	0.910±0.011	0.910±0.017
P for trend	0.289	0.002	0.004	0.207	<0.001	0.013
Whole body
Group 1	1.171±0.005	1.174±0.005	1.169±0.006	1.115±0.005	1.117±0.005	1.146±0.011
Group 2	1.152±0.009	1.147±0.010	1.140±0.010	1.085±0.009	1.081±0.008	1.119±0.014
Group 3	1.119±0.013	1.111±0.014	1.109±0.015	1.082±0.012	1.074±0.012	1.107±0.015
P for trend	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Values are presented as mean±standard error. The group was divided according to total body fat percentage. The cut-off values were 20.6% and 25.7% for men with a body mass index of 18.5–22.9 kg/m² and 33.4% and 36% for women. P-values were obtained by analysis of variance.

^*Adjusted for age.

^†Adjusted for model 1+body mass index.

^‡Adjusted for model 2+smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, vitamin D, and menopause (only in women).