Table 4.
Serum biochemistry parameters in rats administered blueberry leaf powder for 13 weeks.
| Weeks | Dose groups (mg/kg body weight/day) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males (n = 10) |
Females (n = 10) |
|||||||
| Control | 500 | 1000 | 2500 | Control | 500 | 1000 | 2500 | |
| ALT (U/L) | 25.7 ± 4.3 | 25.2 ± 2.8 | 24.8 ± 3.2 | 25.7 ± 3.8 | 45.2 ± 23.6 | 37.1 ± 12.4 | 37.9 ± 10.9 | 37.7 ± 11.6 |
| AST (U/L) | 60.9 ± 14.0 | 51.7 ± 7.0 | 53.9 ± 9.8 | 49.5 ± 5.0* | 99.0 ± 54.6 | 78.8 ± 18.5 | 85.5 ± 27.9 | 76.0 ± 11.1 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 376 ± 82 | 360 ± 70 | 427 ± 191 | 439 ± 123 | 409 ± 148 | 386 ± 106 | 347 ± 114 | 433 ± 162 |
| Amylase (kU/L) | 2.04 ± 1.53 | 1.89 ± 1.21 | 1.96 ± 2.02 | 1.87 ± 2.18 | 1.36 ± 3.26 | 1.34 ± 1.84 | 1.29 ± 2.23 | 1.31 ± 2.28 |
| Leucine aminopeptidase (U/L) | 57.0 ± 4.6 | 58.8 ± 4.6 | 57.3 ± 4.0 | 57.0 ± 3.7 | 60.9 ± 5.9 | 59.8 ± 5.9 | 57.1 ± 7.0 | 57.5 ± 4.1 |
| LDH (U/L) | 338 ± 105 | 298 ± 138 | 307 ± 132 | 307 ± 111 | 659 ± 120 | 650 ± 198 | 669 ± 194 | 545 ± 209 |
| Creatine phosphokinase (U/L) | 111 ± 27 | 111 ± 45 | 94 ± 25 | 99 ± 30 | 165 ± 27 | 173 ± 71 | 177 ± 50 | 135 ± 47 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.17 ± 0.04 | 0.27 ± 0.08 | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 0.23 ± 0.08 | 0.25 ± 0.06 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 167 ± 11 | 160 ± 24 | 164 ± 22 | 151 ± 15 | 103 ± 20 | 106 ± 27 | 97 ± 28 | 112 ± 17 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 13.7 ± 1.3 | 13.0 ± 1.0 | 12.2 ± 2.0 | 12.5 ± 2.7 | 14.1 ± 4.1 | 14.1 ± 2.7 | 13.7 ± 4.3 | 13.7 ± 3.2 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.29 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.06 | 0.27 ± 0.06 | 0.28 ± 0.07 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.06 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.04 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47.7 ± 6.1 | 53.8 ± 11.2 | 46.5 ± 9.8 | 43.7 ± 11.3 | 80.1 ± 22.1 | 73.6 ± 22.0 | 66.8 ± 22.5 | 73.9 ± 21.4 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 70.3 ± 28.5 | 78.7 ± 40.9 | 61.7 ± 17.3 | 58.6 ± 20.8 | 42.0 ± 19.0 | 38.6 ± 9.4 | 40.2 ± 16.4 | 38.5 ± 20.8 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.87 ± 0.34 | 2.78 ± 0.43 | 2.73 ± 0.55 | 2.52 ± 0.50 | 3.42 ± 0.69 | 3.23 ± 0.35 | 3.08 ± 0.69 | 3.30 ± 0.44 |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 5.85 ± 0.26 | 5.91 ± 0.25 | 5.94 ± 0.23 | 5.70 ± 0.18 | 5.57 ± 0.87 | 5.37 ± 0.58 | 5.17 ± 1.00 | 5.54 ± 0.62 |
| NH3 (μg/dL) | 148 ± 17 | 138 ± 11 | 134 ± 31 | 127 ± 19 | 119 ± 29 | 116 ± 26 | 109 ± 22 | 121 ± 16 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 5.55 ± 0.64 | 5.54 ± 0.48 | 5.51 ± 0.53 | 5.57 ± 0.94 | 4.64 ± 0.72 | 4.52 ± 0.89 | 4.07 ± 0.70 | 4.78 ± 1.33 |
| Calsium (mg/dL) | 8.41 ± 0.79 | 8.42 ± 0.73 | 8.25 ± 0.90 | 7.74 ± 1.05 | 8.45 ± 1.36 | 8.35 ± 1.05 | 7.97 ± 1.61 | 8.28 ± 0.68 |
| Magnesium (mg/dL) | 1.99 ± 0.18 | 1.92 ± 0.20 | 1.87 ± 0.21 | 1.83 ± 0.28 | 1.95 ± 0.28 | 2.01 ± 0.18 | 1.90 ± 0.37 | 2.02 ± 0.24 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 141 ± 2 | 140 ± 1 | 140 ± 2 | 140 ± 2 | 137 ± 2 | 139 ± 2 | 139 ± 3 | 137 ± 5 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.52 ± 0.18 | 4.40 ± 0.19 | 4.43 ± 0.17 | 4.34 ± 0.12* | 3.92 ± 0.33 | 3.89 ± 0.24 | 4.02 ± 0.28 | 3.97 ± 0.29 |
| Chloride (mEq/L) | 100 ± 2 | 100 ± 1 | 100 ± 3 | 100 ± 1 | 99 ± 3 | 100 ± 3 | 98 ± 5 | 99 ± 4 |
All values represent the mean ± S.D. ALT, alanine aminostransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.
No significant differences were found between control and treated rats (P < 0.05, Dunnett’s test).