Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Characteristics | Value | ||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 61.9 (15.2) | ||
| Male gender, n (%) | 32 (80) | ||
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 79.0 (16.2) | ||
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 171.1 (9.3) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.0 (5.0) | ||
| Cardiac disease type, n (%) | |||
| Ischemic heart disease | 28 (70) | ||
| Valvular heart disease | 9 (23) | ||
| Other | 3 (8) | ||
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Family history of cardiovascular disease | 20 (50) | ||
| Hypertension | 18 (45) | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 23 (58) | ||
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 10 (25) | ||
| Overweight (body mass index ≥25) | 27 (68) | ||
| Obesity (body mass index ≥30) | 9 (23) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (total) | 8 (20) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (type 1) | 1 (3) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (type 2) | 7 (18) | ||
| Smoking (total) | 27 (68) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 26 (65) | ||
| Current smoker | 1 (3) | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 5 (13) | ||
| CPETa parameters | |||
| CPET time (sec), mean (SD) | 512 (194) | ||
| VO2 peakb (L/min), mean (SD) | 1.72 (0.89) | ||
| VO2 peak (mL/kg/min), mean (SD) | 21.8 (11.6) | ||
| Heart rate reserve (bpm), mean (SD) | 56 (29) | ||
aCPET: cardiopulmonary exercise test.
bVO2 peak: peak oxygen uptake.