Figure 2.

hUC-MSC exosomes restore the viability and prevent oxidative injury of HK-2 cells. (a) Cell viability in each treatment group at 24, 48, and 72 h. (b) Levels of LDH, MDA, and H₂O₂ at 48 h in each treatment group. (c) ROS levels (DCFH-DA staining) at 48 h in each treatment group. These results were representative of at least three independent experiments. Results were considered statistically significant P < 0.05 (^∗∗P < 0.01 and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001 vs. the control group; ^##P < 0.01 and ^###P < 0.001 vs. the oxalate+COM group).