Table 2.
Demographics at baseline.
| Variable | HC (N = 13) | MCI (N = 49) | AD dementia (N = 16) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex, % | 62 | 43 | 50 |
| Age at baseline PET, years | 67.18 ± 7 | 72.74 ± 8 * | 73.54 ± 7 |
| Education, years | 18.23 ± 4 | 15.63 ± 5 | 14.44 ± 3 * |
| APOE ε4 carriers, % (N) | 45 (5/11) | 66 (27/41) | 79 (11/14) |
| Amyloid-PET | |||
| Cortical SUVRCB (%Aβ+) | 1.31 ± 0.4 (31) | 1.77 ± 0.6 * (80) | 1.75 ± 0.3 * (100) |
| Cortical SUVRWM (%Aβ+) | 0.58 ± 0.2 (38) | 0.76 ± 0.2 * (83) | 0.79 ± 0.2 * (100) |
| 18F-FDG-PET | |||
| Precuneus SUVR (N) | 1.37 ± 0.09 (13) | 1.31 ± 0.17 (47) | 1.27 ± 0.17 (16) |
| PCC SUVR (N) | 1.56 ± 0.15 (13) | 1.37 ± 0.29 * (48) | 1.28 ± 0.16 * (16) |
| Cognition | |||
| MMSE (N) | 28.85 ± 1.72 (13) | 25.18 ± 2.75 * (49) | 22.38 ± 4.30 * (16) |
| RBANS, z (N) | |||
| Delayed memory | +0.54 ± 1.07 (13) | −2.26 ± 1.11 * (48) | −3.32 ± 0.55 *,$ (14) |
| List recall | +0.45 ± 1.10 (13) | −1.59 ± 0.84 * (44) | −2.05 ± 0.46 * (15) |
| Story recall | +0.82 ± 1.05 (13) | −2.17 ± 1.41 * (44) | −2.86 ± 1.26 * (15) |
| Figure recall | +0.35 ± 1.20 (13) | −1.67 ± 1.23 * (44) | −2.55 ± 0.69 * (15) |
| Immediate memory | +0.74 ± 1.20 (13) | −1.61 ± 0.96 * (48) | −2.29 ± 0.69 * (14) |
| Language | +0.03 ± 0.71 (13) | −0.97 ± 0.85 * (46) | −1.75 ± 0.95 *,$ (14) |
| Visuospatial construction | +0.79 ± 0.88 (13) | +0.05 ± 1.13 (44) | −0.71 ± 1.40 * (13) |
| CSF | |||
| N subjects | 7 | 45 | 15 |
| Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40, pg/mL | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.02 |
| Aβ1–42, pg/mL | 1114.06 ± 440 | 771.34 ± 356 | 643.47 ± 122 |
| Aβ1–40, pg/mL | 16,291.06 ± 4320 | 14,338.88 ± 3911 | 16,131.00 ± 4864 |
| T-tau, pg/mL | 329.14 ± 118 | 451.67 ± 188 | 710.80 ± 372 * |
| P-Tau181, pg/mL | 61.87 ± 18 | 73.40 ± 24 | 93.14 ± 37 |
| Aβ1–42/T-tau, pg/mL | 3.95 ± 2.30 | 2.24 ± 1.82 | 1.32 ± 1.19 * |
| Aβ1–42/P-tau181, pg/mL | 19.89 ± 9.94 | 12.41 ± 8.79 | 8.68 ± 6.29 * |
| MRI | |||
| N subjects | 13 | 47 | 16 |
| Hippocampal volume, mm3 | 8422.51 ± 43 | 7136.66 ± 1074 * | 6666.81 ± 899 * |
| Cortical GM volume, ml | 767.85 ± 43 | 735.46 ± 38 | 723.64 ± 44 * |
| WMH, ml | 5.03 ± 5 | 13.95 ± 17 | 14.34 ± 13 * |
Values are given as mean ± standard deviation.
* p < 0.05 vs control subjects; $p < 0.05 vs MCI subjects. Categorical variables (sex, APOE ε4) via Fisher's Exact test; continuous variables via Kruskal-Wallis corrected for multiple comparisons via Bonferroni. Significant p-values are shown in bold typeface.
Abbreviations: Aβ + amyloid-beta positive, AD Alzheimer's disease, APOE gene encoding for apolipoprotein E, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, GM grey matter, HC cognitively healthy control, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini-Mental state examination, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, PCC posterior cingulate cortex, PET positron emission tomography, P-tau181 phosphorylated tau181, SUVRCB standardized uptake value ratio normalized to cerebellar grey matter, SUVRWM standardized uptake value ratio normalized to subcortical white matter, T-tau total tau, WMH white matter hyperintensities.