Table 1.
Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics.
| PN cases |
Non-PN controls |
p value | Standard difference |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1387 | n = 2594 | ×100* | ||
| Age, mean (SD) years | 63.9 (10.8) | 64.2 (11.6) | 0.314 | 3.39 |
| 18–44 | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.395 | 2.75 |
| 45–54 | 2.7% | 3.7% | 0.084 | 5.89 |
| 55–64 | 16.4% | 15.9% | 0.692 | 1.31 |
| 65–74 | 37.1% | 37.8% | 0.670 | 1.42 |
| 75+ | 25.5% | 20.7% | 0.001 | 11.38 |
| Sex, % | ||||
| Male | 60.6% | 60.1% | 0.725 | 1.17 |
| Female | 39.4% | 39.9% | 0.725 | 1.17 |
| Payer, % | ||||
| Commercial | 55.6% | 57.0% | 0.399 | 2.80 |
| Medicare | 44.4% | 43.0% | 0.399 | 2.80 |
| Insurance plan type, % | ||||
| Preferred-provider organization | 55.7% | 56.2% | 0.740 | 1.10 |
| Comprehensive | 19.6% | 19.0% | 0.623 | 1.63 |
| Health-maintenance organization | 11.6% | 11.7% | 0.945 | 0.23 |
| Point of service | 5.3% | 5.4% | 0.818 | 0.77 |
| Other | 7.9% | 7.7% | 0.867 | 0.55 |
| Geographic region, % | ||||
| Northeast | 17.8% | 17.8% | 0.975 | 0.11 |
| North central | 28.8% | 27.9% | 0.552 | 1.97 |
| South | 35.4% | 37.6% | 0.166 | 4.62 |
| West | 17.2% | 15.3% | 0.114 | 5.22 |
| Unknown | 0.7% | 1.3% | 0.109 | 5.55 |
| Length of follow up, mean (SD) days | 788 (580) | 693 (571) | <0.001 | 16.52 |
| Median follow up (days) | 642 | 522 | ||
| Deyo–Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 4.5 (2.9) | 4.4 (2.8) | 0.999 | 3.69 |
| Comorbid conditions $ | ||||
| Hypertension | 62.5% | 59.9% | 0.109 | 5.34 |
| Skeletal-related events | 48.4% | 48.4% | 0.980 | 0.08 |
| Diabetes | 30.1% | 25.9% | 0.004 | 9.43 |
| Renal disease | 23.0% | 21.0% | 0.155 | 4.71 |
| Ischemic vascular condition‡ | 22.5% | 22.4% | 0.922 | 0.32 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 19.4% | 18.6% | 0.532 | 2.07 |
| Anemia or anemia treatment | 57.0% | 56.1% | 0.569 | 1.89 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 16.4% | 15.4% | 0.435 | 2.59 |
| Hypercalcemia | 14.0% | 13.3% | 0.523 | 2.12 |
| GI bleeding | 5.0% | 5.2% | 0.871 | 0.54 |
| Pneumonia | 9.4% | 9.6% | 0.847 | 0.64 |
| Congestive heart failure | 7.8% | 8.1% | 0.732 | 1.14 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 6.8% | 6.6% | 0.860 | 0.59 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 7.8% | 6.9% | 0.282 | 3.55 |
| End-stage renal disease/renal failure | 6.3% | 6.5% | 0.802 | 0.84 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 5.3% | 5.7% | 0.593 | 1.79 |
| Prior primary cancer | ||||
| Solid tumor | 24.4% | 24.0% | 0.805 | 0.82 |
| Hematologic cancer | 12.4% | 13.5% | 0.331 | 3.25 |
| Days from diagnosis to treatment, mean (SD) | 158 (355) | 163 (360) | 0.623 | 1.64 |
| Median (days) | 26 | 27 | ||
| Stem-cell transplant prior to index treatment, % | 0.8% | 1.0% | 0.588 | 1.83 |
| Index MM therapy, % | ||||
| Bendamustine | 0.2% | 0.6% | 0.081 | 6.22 |
| Bortezomib | 52.5% | 50.0% | 0.135 | 4.98 |
| Carfilzomib | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.722 | 2.01 |
| Cisplatin | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.902 | 0.41 |
| Cyclophosphamide | 9.9% | 10.3% | 0.733 | 1.14 |
| Doxorubicin | 1.7% | 1.7% | 0.937 | 0.26 |
| Doxorubicin liposomal | 0.2% | 0.2% | 1.000 | 0.32 |
| Lenalidomide | 37.1% | 37.9% | 0.620 | 1.65 |
| Melphalan | 2.1% | 2.8% | 0.190 | 4.45 |
| Panobinostat | 0.0% | 0.0% | – | – |
| Pomalidomide | 0.1% | 0.1% | 1.000 | 0.18 |
| Thalidomide | 4.7% | 5.6% | 0.244 | 3.93 |
GI, gastrointestinal; MM, multiple myeloma; PN, peripheral neuropathy; SD, standard deviation.
*
The standardized differences were multiplied by 100 to facilitate readers’ viewing results.
$
Comorbid condition occurring during the preperiod in <5% patients are not shown.
‡
Ischemic vascular conditions include unstable angina, stable angina, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic event, and other chronic ischemic heart disease, including coronary revascularization.