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. 2019 Apr 2;12:33. doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0716-7

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Targeted therapies with greatest clinical significance based on biological knowledge in ENKTL. Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) frequently show oncogenic activation of JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways that promote proliferation and survival of the lymphoma cells. These signaling pathways can be targeted by a variety of small molecule inhibitors. Antibody drugs targeting a number of overexpressed membrane proteins, such as PD-L1, CD38, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), are being evaluated in clinical trials