Figure 1.

Outline of the nanomanufacturing process for composite TMD carbon aerogels. Initially, sonication-driven cavitation (a) drives TMD sheets apart and enhances dispersion within acetonitrile. Resorcinol and formaldehyde are added to this solution, which causes rapid sol-gel formation, catalyzed by hydrochloric acid. This gel is washed with ethanol to remove any unreacted species and dried with supercritical CO₂ (b) to displace the solvent without destroying its pore structure before being pyrolyzed in argon. Finally, we process this material into a supercapacitor by grinding it with carbon black additive (Ketjenblack) and PTFE tape, rolling and punching it into electrodes that are assembled into a symmetric coin cell, and adding the resulting electrode to a full coin cell, using a cellulose separator, illustrated in (c). A three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography image of a coin cell after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles (d).