Table 1.
Population Characteristics by Survivorship at 1 Month
| Total (n = 96) | Survivors (n = 67) | Non-survivors (n = 29) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SE) | 37.3 (1.7) | 33.6 (1.9) | 45.9 (3.2) | <0.001a |
| Sex, men (%) | 80 (83.3) | 58 (86.6) | 22 (75.9) | 0.196 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.794 | |||
| Black | 6 (6.3) | 4 (6.0) | 2 (6.9) | |
| White | 89 (92.7) | 62 (92.5) | 27 (93.1) | |
| Other | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| BMI, Mean (SE) | 25.8 (0.5) | 25.6 (0.6) | 26.4 (1.1) | 0.480 |
| GCS (best in 24 h), median (IQR) | 6 (5–7) | 7 (5–8) | 6 (4.5–7) | 0.187 |
| ISS, Mean (SE) | 33.9 (1.0) | 32.9 (1.2) | 36.3 (1.8) | 0.230 |
| Non-head ISS, mean (SE) | 11.7 (1.0) | 11.2 (1.2) | 12.9 (2.0) | 0.600 |
| Hospital length of stay, mean (SE) | 19.8 (1.3) | 24.2 (1.5) | 9.8 (1.4) | <0.001a |
| Mechanism of injury, n (%) | b | |||
| Motor vehicle accident | 48 (50.0) | 36 (53.7) | 12 (41.4) | |
| Motorcycle | 18 (18.8) | 14 (20.9) | 4 (13.8) | |
| Falls | 16 (16.7) | 6 (9.0) | 10 (34.5) | |
| Assault | 5 (5.2) | 4 (6.0) | 1 (3.4) | |
| Other | 6 (6.3) | 5 (7.5) | 1 (3.4) | |
| Unknown | 3 (3.1) | 2 (3.0) | 1 (3.4) | |
| Injury type, n (%) | ||||
| SDH | 61 (63.5) | 39 (58.2) | 22 (75.9) | 0.099c |
| SAH | 71 (74.0) | 45 (67.2) | 26 (89.7) | 0.021a |
| DAI | 33 (34.4) | 27 (40.3) | 6 (20.7) | 0.063c |
| EDH | 17 (17.7) | 12 (17.9) | 5 (17.2) | 0.937 |
| Contusion | 44 (45.8) | 25 (37.3) | 19 (65.5) | 0.011a |
| IVH | 31 (32.3) | 26 (38.8) | 5 (17.2) | 0.038a |
| ICH | 33 (34.4) | 24 (35.8) | 9 (31.0) | 0.650 |
| Other | 4 (4.2) | 3 (4.5) | 1 (3.4) | 1.000 |
| NBS, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (2–3) | <0.001a |
| Total hospital complications, median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–3) | 0.941 |
| Abdominal injury, n (%) | 19 (19.8) | 13 (19.4) | 6 (20.7) | 0.884 |
| Splenic laceration, n (%) | 12 (12.5) | 9 (13.4) | 3 (10.3) | 1.000 |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 18 (18.8) | 14 (20.9) | 4 (13.8) | 0.413 |
| SSA, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.541 |
a
Comparisons that are statistically significant (p < 0.05).
b
Insufficient data in each category to determine statistically significant comparisons.
c
Comparisons that demonstrate a trend (p < 0.10).
BMI, body mass index; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; IQR, interquartile range; ISS, Injury Severity Score; SDH, subdural hemorrhage; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; DAI, diffuse axonal injury; EDH, epidural hemorrhage; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; NBS, neurological burden score; SSA, sepsis, splenic injury, and other abdominal injury score.