Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Apr 2;9:5480. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41648-6

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Schematics of the mobile nanoinjection setup. The entire system is monitored and synchronized with a small USB data acquisition interface controlled by our nanoinjection software. Two analog output channels (green wires) are used to provide voltage for the electrodes (channel AO 0) and to control the pipette movement (channel AO 1) via a piezo actuator. The ion current is amplified by a custom operational amplifier and converted according to a selectable range to ±10 V to then be sent to the analog input channel (AI 0) of the USB A/D converter (blue wire). As a power supply for the amplifier, either a conventional power supply or a 15 V battery pack can be used to gain additional flexibility.