Table 2.

Rate Ratios Comparing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) Incidence Between HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Adults

Calendar era	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted RR (95% CI)	p
1996–1999	27.4 (16.2–46.1)	<0.001	18.5 (10.8–31.8)	<0.001
2000–2003	21.0 (11.5–38.6)	<0.001	13.4 (6.9–25.7)	<0.001
2004–2007	24.3 (12.0–49.1)	<0.001	15.6 (7.4–33.0)	<0.001
2008–2009	8.1 (3.4–19.5)	<0.001	5.4 (2.2–13.5)	<0.001
2010–2011	9.7 (4.1–23.1)	<0.001	6.6 (2.7–16.1)	<0.001

Adjusted RRs derived from Poisson models, including variables for age, sex, race/ethnicity, SES, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, CHD, cancer, and PPV23 use.

CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; IPD, invasive pneumococcal disease; PPV, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; RR, rate ratio; SES, socioeconomic status.