Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Subjects
| Demographic characteristic | NAC | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| Female/Male | 5/12 | 2/12 |
| Age (mean [SD]) | 12.4 (1.4) | 11.5 (2.8) |
| Age of onset (mean [SD]) | 6.8 (1.4) | 6.1 (2.4) |
| Duration of illness (mean [SD]) | 5.6 (3.4) | 5.4 (2.8) |
| Comorbid OCD (n [%]) | 2 (12%) | 4 (29%) |
| Comorbid ADHD (n [%]) | 6 (35%) | 9 (64%) |
| Pharmacological treatment for tics (current/ever) | 7 (41%)/11 (65%) | 6 (43%)/11 (79%) |
| Current antidepressant use (n [%]) | 5 (29%) | 2 (14%) |
| Current antipsychotic use (n [%]) | 7 (41%) | 0 |
| Current α-2 agonist use (n [%]) | 2 (12%) | 5 (36%) |
| Current psychostimulant use (n [%]) | 2 (12%) | 2 (14%) |
| Behavioral treatment for tics (current/ever) | 1 (6%)/3 (18%) | 2 (14%)/5 (36%) |
| YGTSS (mean [SD]) | 27.1 (7.2) | 26.3 (7.7) |
| PUTS (mean [SD]) | 24.4 (4.6) | 23.8 (4.1) |
| CGI – Severity (mean [SD]) | 3.7 (1.1) | 3.9 (0.6) |
| ADHD-RS (mean [SD]) | 17.6 (9.2) | 23.7 (11.8) |
| CYBOCS (mean [SD]) | 6.9 (8.3) | 10.7 (9.0) |
| CDI (mean [SD]) | 25.1 (2.5) | 24.9 (2.7) |
| MASC (mean [SD]) | 41.6 (15.4) | 23.8 (4.1) |
NAC, active N-acetylcysteine treatment; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; ADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; YGTSS, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; PUTS, Premonitory Urge Tic Scale; CGI, Clinical Global Impressions; ADHD-RS, ADHD Rating Scale; CYBOCS: Children Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale; CDI, Children's Depressive Inventory; MASC, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children.