Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Apr 2;9:5510. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41290-2

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Temporal and spatial distribution of the viperine fossil record. All fossil specimens that belong to a species or species group are shown as one horizontal bar. Bars are colored by genera or higher clades as denoted in the upper left panel. Black crosses denote extinct species. ‘Oriental vipers’ represents an assemblage of generally large-bodied species belonging to either of the modern genera Daboia, Macrovipera, or Montivipera. Eurasian vipers are a clade of the genera Vipera, Daboia, Montivipera, and Macrovipera. Numbers in parentheses show the number of individual fossils for each species and genus. The dashed grey line shows the number of species in the fossil record through time. The maps show approximate locations of fossils reported from five-million-year timeframes from 20 Ma to the present. Note that not all fossils are plotted for the lack of space and one locality for an ‘Oriental viper’ in eastern Russia is not shown in the map.