Table 3.

Summary of Host Proteins That Sense DNA Virus or Bacterial Infections

DNA Sensor	DNA Sensor Associated Protein	Pathogens That Stimulate Sensor
cGAS	STING	• Adenovirus (AdV) (Anghelina et al., 2016; Ishikawa et al., 2009; Lam and Falck-Pedersen, 2014; Lam et al., 2014) • Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) (Christensen et al., 2016; Horan et al., 2013; Ishikawa et al., 2009; Kalamvoki and Roizman, 2014; Li et al., 2013; Su and Zheng, 2017; Xu et al., 2017; Ye et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2016; Zheng, 2018) • Human papillomavirus (HPV) (Sunthamala et al., 2014) • Human and mouse cytomegalovirus (HCMV or MCMV) (Choi et al., 2018; Fu et al., 2017; Lio et al., 2016) • Human immunodeficiency (HIV) (Gao et al., 2013a; Lahaye et al., 2013; Rasaiyaah et al., 2013) • Dengue virus (DENV) (Aguirre and Fernandez-Sesma, 2017; Aguirre et al., 2012; Stabell et al., 2018; Yu et al., 2012) • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) (Ding et al., 2013; Maringer and Fernandez-Sesma, 2014; Moriyama et al., 2007; Nitta et al., 2013) • Listeria monocytogenes (Sauer et al., 2011; Woodward et al., 2010) • Staphylococcus aureus (Gries et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2014) • Chlamydia trachomatis (Barker et al., 2013)
DDX41	STING	• HSV-1 (Zhang et al., 2011c) • AdV (Zhang et al., 2011c) • Newcastle disease virus (NDV) (Cheng et al., 2017) • Listeria monocytogenes (Parvatiyar et al., 2012)
DAI	STING	• HSV-1 (Furr et al., 2011)
IFI16	1. STING 2. ASC	• (1) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (Pisano et al., 2017) • (1) HSV-1 ( Johnson et al., 2014; Merkl et al., 2018; Orzalli et al., 2012; Unterholzner et al., 2010) • (2) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (Kerur et al., 2011)
Ku70	STING-dependent or independent	• Hepatitis B virus (HBV) (Li et al., 2016) • Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) (Wang et al., 2017) • HSV-2 (Zhang et al., 2011a)
MRE11	STING	• MRE11 is not required or induce a type I IFN response to HSV-1 or Listeria monocytogenes infection but plays a role in DNA damage recognition (Kondo et al., 2013)
LSm14A	STING	• HSV-1 (Li et al., 2012b)
RNA pol. III	RIG-I/MAVS	• Legionella pneumophila (Chiu et al., 2009) • EBV (Ablasser et al., 2009) • Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV-6) (Ahlers et al., 2016) • Varicella zoster virus (VZV) (Ogunjimi et al., 2017)
LRRFIP1	β-Catenin	• Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (Yang et al., 2010) • Listeria monocytogenes (Yang et al., 2010)
Sox2	TAB2, TAK1	• HPV (Martınez-Ramırez et al., 2017)
DHX9/36	MyD88	• HSV-1 (Kim et al., 2010a)
Rad50	CARD9	• Vaccinia virus (VV) (Alcamí and Smith, 1996; Roth et al., 2014) • AdV (Pancholi and Weitzman, 2018; Stracker et al., 2002)
AIM2	ASC	• Francisella tularensis (Fernandes-Alnemri et al., 2010; Jones et al., 2010) • Listeria monocytogenes (Kim et al., 2010a,b) • Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Legionella pneumophila, Staphylococcus aureus (Fang et al., 2011; Ge et al., 2012; Hanamsagar et al., 2014; Saiga et al., 2012) • Francisella novicida (Meunier et al., 2015) • Chlamydia muridarum, Chlamydia trachomatis (Finethy et al., 2015) • MCMV (Shi et al., 2015) • HPV (Milutin Gasperov et al., 2014) • Influenza virus (Schattgen et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2017a)
TLR9	MyD88	• HSV-1/2 (Krug et al., 2004; Lundberg et al., 2003) • Campylobacter jejuni, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus (Bhan et al., 2007; Dalpke et al., 2006) • VZV (Yu et al., 2011) • HCMV (Varani et al., 2007) • MCMV (Krug et al., 2004; Puttur et al., 2016) • EBV (Fiola et al., 2010; Lim et al., 2006) • KSHV (West et al., 2011) • VV and Ectromelia virus (Samuelsson et al., 2008) • AdV (Appledorn et al., 2008; Basner-Tschakarjan et al., 2006)