Table 1.

Baseline characteristics, body weight, and fasting blood samples

Variable	PD group	PD-EX group
n (male/female)	13 (9/4)	13 (8/5)
Age, years	60 (54, 64)	61 (58, 67)
Diabetes duration, years	3 (2, 6)	5 (1, 8)
Body weight, kg
Baseline	90.0 (83.3, 103.2)	97.2 (82.9, 107.4)
Change 0–12 weeks	−7.1 (−9.8, −5.6)***	−7.0 (−9.7, −5.6)***
BMI, kg/m2
Baseline	31.4 (29.4, 33.7)	31.4 (29.0, 34.6)
Change 0–12 weeks	−2.4 (−3.1, −1.8)***	−2.3 (−3.4, −2.2)***
Fat mass, kg
Baseline	34.4 (30.1, 37.9)	33.6 (29.2, 39.2)
Change 0–12 weeks	−5.7 (−8.2, −4.0)***	−6.5 (−8.9, −5.1)***
HbA1c, mmol/mol
Baseline	55 (48, 58)	56 (50, 59)
Change 0–12 weeks	−11 (−15, −5)**	−11 (−18, −7)**
HbA1c,%
Baseline	7.2 (6.5, 7.5)	7.3 (6.7, 7.5)
Change 0–12 weeks	−1.0 (−1.4, −0.5)**	−1.0 (−1.7, −0.6)**
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/l
Baseline	8.0 (6.9, 8.5)	8.6 (7.7, 10.5)†
Change 0–12 weeks	−0.9 (−1.8, −0.1)*	−2.0 (−3.0, −1.0)**
Serum triacylglycerols, mmol/l
Baseline	2.4 (1.4, 3.1)	1.7 (1.0, 2.3)
Change 0–12 weeks	−0.6 (−1.8, −0.2)*	−0.4 (−1.0, −0.1)**
Plasma NEFA, mmol/l
Baseline	0.60 (0.53, 0.78)	0.80 (0.65, 0.90)
Change 0–12 weeks	0.03 (−0.02, 0.20)	−0.04 (−0.12, 0.17)
Plasma AST, μkat/l
Baseline	0.59 (0.53, 0.71)	0.55 (0.51, 0.66)
Change 0–12 weeks	−0.05 (−0.14, 0.14)	0.02 (−0.20, 0.22)
Plasma ALT, μkat/l
Baseline	0.67 (0.53, 0.91)	0.54 (0.48, 0.78)
Change 0–12 weeks	−0.12 (−0.34, −0.08)**	−0.07 (−0.16, 0.07)

Data are reported as median (interquartile range)

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 for the within-group change over time from baseline to 12 weeks

^†p < 0.05 between the PD and PD-EX groups