Table 3. PCS associated characteristics.
| PCSG n = 54 |
CG1 n = 239 |
P-value (PCS vs. CG1) |
CG2 n = 103 |
P-value (PCS vs. CG2) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (SD) | 40.1 (10.5) | 57.5 (17.2) | <0.001 | 43.2 (16.9) | 0.05 |
| Premenopausal status (%) | 44 (81) | 73 (30) | <0.001 | 70 (68) | 0.05 |
| Mediterranean ethnicity (%) | 22 (41) | 44 (18) | 0.01 | 19 (18) | 0.01 |
| Lower abdominal pain, left (%) | 32 (59) | 76 (32) | 0.002 | 25 (24) | <0.001 |
| Lower abdominal pain, right (%) | 34 (63) | 70 (29) | <0.001 | 26 (25) | <0.001 |
| Back pain (%) | 17 (31) | 22 (9) | 0.001 | 9 (9) | 0.001 |
| Flank pain, left (%) | 24 (44) | 50 (21) | 0.005 | 17 (16) | 0.001 |
| Flank pain, right (%) | 19 (35) | 42 (17) | 0.03 | 12 (12) | 0.003 |
| Colic (%) | 25 (46) | 24 (10) | <0.001 | 12 (12) | <0.001 |
| Hematuria (%) | 21 (39) | 28 (12) | <0.001 | 7 (7) | <0.001 |
| Dysuria (%) | 13 (24) | 15 (6) | 0.01 | 7 (7) | 0.01 |
| Urinary frequency (%) | 9 (17) | 9 (4) | 0.03 | 5 (5) | 0.03 |
PCS: pelvic congestion syndrome
PCSG: pelvic congestion syndrome group
CG1: control group 1 (dilated ovarian or para-uterine veins, no chronic pelvic pain)
CG2: control group 2 (normal ovarian and para-uterine veins, no chronic pelvic pain)
SD: standard deviation