Table 6.
The effect of socio-demographic variables on discounting
| Area under the normalized utility function | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health | Money | Pooled | ||||
| Estimates (SE) | p-values | Estimates (SE) | p-values | Estimates (SE) | p-values | |
| Monetary outcomes (ref = health outcomes) | 0.051 (0.023) |
0.028 | ||||
| Men (ref = no) | −0.029 (0.041) |
0.482 | −0.042 (0.03) |
0.164 | −0.036 (0.025) |
0.149 |
| Age | −0.086 (0.045) |
0.059 | −0.092 (0.033) |
0.006 | −0.089 (0.028) |
0.001 |
| Age2 | 0.001 (0.001) |
0.048 | 0.001 (0) |
0.005 | 0.001 (0) |
0.001 |
| Couple (ref = no) | −0.036 (0.053) |
0.501 | −0.003 (0.039) |
0.93 | −0.017 (0.033) |
0.596 |
| Children (ref = no) | −0.017 (0.054) |
0.752 | −0.005 (0.039) |
0.899 | −0.012 (0.033) |
0.722 |
| Relative educational position | 0.145 (0.084) |
0.084 | −0.039 (0.061) |
0.529 | 0.046 (0.051) |
0.371 |
| Currently employed (ref = no) | −0.006 (0.054) |
0.905 | 0.063 (0.04) |
0.113 | 0.032 (0.033) |
0.338 |
| Public sector (ref = no) | −0.049 (0.048) |
0.303 | −0.071 (0.035) |
0.039 | −0.062 (0.029) |
0.032 |
| At least one manual or service employee in the household 1 (ref = no) | −0.157 (0.048) |
0.001 | 0.038 (0.035) |
0.278 | −0.053 (0.029) |
0.068 |
| Low-income household | 0.01 (0.058) |
0.865 | 0.043 (0.043) |
0.313 | 0.029 (0.036) |
0.424 |
| Suffering from back pain (ref = no) | 0.057 (0.04) |
0.16 | −0.023 (0.03) |
0.44 | 0.015 (0.025) |
0.54 |
| Back pain related scenario first | 0.02 (0.039) |
0.606 | 0.032 (0.028) |
0.261 | 0.026 (0.024) |
0.279 |
| Constant | 2.184 (0.887) |
0.014 | 2.363 (0.654) |
<0.001 | 2.255 (0.546) |
<0.001 |
| McFadden adjusted R2 | 0.031 | 0.039 | 0.024 | |||
Tobit regression, with left-censored values at 0.0625 and right-censored values at 0.9