Table 3.
Hippocampal subfield atrophy studies in PD
| Study | Results | No. of Participants: Mean Age | Mean Disease Duration (years) | Parkinson’s and Dementia Diagnosis | Medication state | Major Clinical Assessment Tools |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Churchyard& Lees,1997) | Degree of cognitive impairment measured with MMSE, which correlated with Lewy neurites in CA2 | -10 PD-NC: 75.8 -7 PD-mild to moderate dementia: 75.9 -10 PD-severe dementia: 75.4 |
15.9 14.3 13.4 |
-PD: UK Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank Criteria (Daniel & Lees, 1993) -Dementia: DSM-III criteria |
On dopaminergic medication | MMSE done before death |
| (Beyer et al.,2013) | Atrophy in hippocampus associated with verbal memory recall and recognition scores | -114 PD-NC: 65.8 -29 PD-MCI:70.6 |
Not specified | -PD: NINDS criteria (Gelb, Oliver, & Gilman, 1999) -Dopamine transporter imaging for differential diagnosis -Criteria for dementia diagnosis not specified -Dementia: exclusion criteria |
Most On Dopaminergic medications, but some drug-naive | MMSE CVLT VOSP |
| (Pereira etal., 2013) | Atrophy in CA2–3-4, DG correlated with learning performance. Atrophy in CA2–3-4, DG and subiculum associated with hallucinations in PD | 18 PD: 73.8 18 PD with visual hallucination: 73.8 |
12.8 12.9 |
-PD: UK Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank Criteria -Dementia: DSM-IV-TR |
On dopaminergic medications | RAVLT HDRS |
| (Stav et al.,2016) | CA1, presubiculum and subiculum volumes and CSF biomarker amyloid β levels correlated with visuospatial learning and cognitive deficits | 33 non-demented PD: 64.9 | 2.7** | -PD: UK Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank Criteria -DaTSCAN to support diagnosis of PD -Dementia (tested using cognitive screening): exclusion criteria |
On dopaminergic medications | RAVLT TMT-B |
| (Gyorfi etal., 2017) | A2–3 atrophy observed in early stage of PD | -35 PD-NC: 51.9 | Not specified | -PD: UK Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank Criteria -MCI excluded based on MDS criteria |
-Baseline testing in non-medicated drug naive state -levodopa started after baseline testing |
MoCA RAVLT HDRS HARS |
| (Foo et al., 2017) | Volumes of DG, right CA4, left parasubiculum and hippocampal-amygdala transition area predictive of conversion from normal cognition to MCI | -54 PD-NC: 63.39 -11 PD-MCI: 69.45 |
4.74 4.09 |
-PD: NINDS criteria (Gelb et al., 1999) -Dementia diagnosis using ADAS-Cog: exclusion criteria |
On dopaminergic medications | MoCA ADAS-Cog FAB Digit Span |
Abbreviations: DA: Dopamine, MAO: Monoamine oxidase, MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination, CVLT: California Verbal Learning Test, RAVLT: Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test, HDRS: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HARS: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, TMT: Trail Making Test, ADAS-Cog: Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery, VOSP: Visual Object and Space Perception Battery
PD-NC: Parkinson’s Disease Normal Cognition, PD-MCI: PD Mild Cognitive Impairment, DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, NINDS criteria: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke criteria, MDS-TF: Movement Disorders Task Force
**
Motor symptom duration