Table 1. Characteristics of the study participants at baseline.
| Smoking status | Alcohol consumption | |||||||
| Never Smoker | Former Smoker | Current Smoker (pack-year) |
Non Drinker | Occasional Drinker | Regular Drinker (ethanol/week) |
|||
| (<30) | (≥30) | (<300 g) | (≥300 g) | |||||
| Men | ||||||||
| Number of subjects | 11,805 | 11,381 | 11,127 | 14,054 | 10,636 | 4,187 | 20,689 | 11,641 |
| Person-years | 213,060.1 | 199,244.8 | 196,699.2 | 237,413.4 | 181,021.0 | 76,850.3 | 363,215.8 | 207,917.2 |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 51.8 (7.6) | 53.3 (8.3) | 48.2 (7.4) | 52.6 (7.6) | 53.6 (8.5) | 50.2 (7.4) | 51.2 (8.0) | 50.7 (7.2) |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 23.9 (2.8) | 23.8 (2.8) | 23.1 (2.8) | 23.2 (2.9) | 23.3 (3.0) | 24.0 (3.0) | 23.4 (2.7) | 23.5 (2.8) |
| History of cholelithiasis, Yes, % | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| History of diabetes mellitus, Yes, % | 5.8 | 7.3 | 5.6 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 6.4 |
| History of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, Yes, % | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.8 | — | — | — | — |
| Japanese tea consumption, ≥1/day, % | 70.1 | 75.4 | 70.3 | 77.2 | 73.4 | 69.3 | 74.9 | 72.2 |
| Current smoker, % | — | — | — | — | 46.9 | 46.7 | 50.2 | 61.7 |
| Regular drinker, ≥1/week, % | 61.2 | 68.6 | 71.6 | 71.3 | — | — | — | — |
| Never Smoker | Former/Current Smoker | Non/Occasional Drinker | Regular Drinker | |||||
| Women | ||||||||
| Number of subjects | 50,451 | 4,325 | 47,210 | 7,018 | ||||
| Person-years | 947,696.6 | 73,633.2 | 886,178.5 | 126,431.9 | ||||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 52.1 (8.0) | 50.0 (7.9) | 52.3 (8.0) | 49.1 (7.3) | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 23.4 (3.1) | 23.1 (3.5) | 23.5 (3.2) | 22.9 (3.0) | ||||
| History of cholelithiasis, Yes, % | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 2.3 | ||||
| History of diabetes mellitus, Yes, % | 2.9 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 2.1 | ||||
| History of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, Yes, % | 0.9 | 1.8 | — | — | ||||
| Japanese tea consumption, ≥1/day, % | 75.2 | 69.7 | 74.8 | 74.5 | ||||
| Current smoker, % | — | — | 4.6 | 17.3 | ||||
| Regular drinker, ≥1/week, % | 11.0 | 34.8 | — | — | ||||
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IR, incidence ratio; SD, standard deviation.