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. 2019 Mar 27;9:181. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00181

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Copyright © 2019 Shirai, Ohno, Saitoh, Okamoto, Katoh, Murata, Kawamura, Musha, Abe, Mizukami, Akahane and Nakano.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A representative case of re-irradiation by using carbon-ion radiotherapy (RT) for lung cancer. (A) Stereotactic body radiotherapy was performed for a 73-year-old male patient with stage I lung cancer as a first treatment. The local recurrence developed at the primary site, with surrounding fibrosis 2 years after the initial RT. (B) Re-irradiation was performed using carbon-ion RT of 60 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) in 4 fractions. There was no local recurrence or metastasis 2 years after re-irradiation.