Table 2.

Medicare Prescription Drug Plan Formulary Coverage and Use of Utilization Management for Individual Benzodiazepines, Non-benzodiazepine Sedative Hypnotics, and Gabapentinoids, 2017 Second Quarter

Formulary coverage^a	No coverage (%)	Unrestrictive coverage (%)	Restrictive coverage^a (%)	Imposes a quantity limit (%)	Requires prior authorization (%)	Requires step therapy (%)
Benzodiazepines
Alprazolam	11.9	21.9	67.1	75.7	7.5	0
Chlordiazepoxide	48.9	37.6	13.5	57.4	17.7	0
Clonazepam	0	28.8	71.2	62.2	22.5	2.1
Clorazepate	0	27.2	72.8	63.8	37.0	0
Diazepam	0	19.6	80.4	72.0	39.7	0
Estazolam	59.4	33.6	7.0	55.9	23.4	0
Flurazepam	56.9	38.2	4.9	45.2	17.9	0
Lorazepam	0	17.5	82.5	74.6	19.6	0
Oxazepam	33.9	28.6	37.5	34.6	28.3	0
Quazepam^b	100
Temazepam	45.2	22.8	32.0	63.8	58.5	0
Triazolam	60.3	36.5	3.2	53.3	13.3	0
Non-benzodiazepine sedative hypnotics
Doxepin	0	39.4	60.6	0	57.1	3.4
Zaleplon	23.3	3.8	72.9	78.6	54.8	10.0
Zolpidem	4.5	1.4	94.1	84.5	65.4	8.3
Gabapentinoids
Gabapentin	0	59.8	40.2	40.2	0	0
Gabapentin enacarbil^b	100
Pregabalin	0	28.6	71.8	64.0	16.1	1.1

^aRestrictive coverage defined as use of one or more utilization management strategy: quantity limit, prior authorization requirement, and step therapy requirement

^bDrug was not covered by any formulary over the study period