Table 2.

Unadjusted and adjusted associations between participant characteristics and symptom burden

		Unadjusted beta [95% CI] (N = 284)	p	Adjusted beta [95% CI] (N = 282)	p
Polypharmacy		0.88 [0.50, 1.26]	< .001	0.81 [0.43, 1.20]	< .001
Sex	Male	(Ref.)
	Female	0.42 [− 3.39, 4.24]	0.827	0.46 [− 3.13, 4.05]	0.802
Race	White	(Ref.)
	Black	− 1.31 [− 6.55, 3.93]	0.624
	Other	3.71 [− 6.58, 13.99]	0.478
Ethnicity	Hispanic	(Ref.)
	Non-Hispanic	− 3.30 [− 13.54, 6.94]	0.527
	Unknown	(Dropped)
Age	44–59	(Ref.)
	60–74	− 2.78 [− 8.73, 3.16]	0.358	− 1.09 [− 6.71, 4.53]	0.704
	75–89	− 7.56 [− 13.86, − 1.26]	0.019	− 4.82 [− 10.95, 1.32]	0.123
	≥ 90	− 2.83 [− 11.98, 6.31]	0.543	1.02 [− 8.05, 10.09]	0.824
Education	< HS graduate	(Ref.)
	HS graduate	− 4.30 [− 10.85, 2.25]	0.197
	College Graduate	− 3.10 [− 9.89, 3.68]	0.369
	Unknown	(Dropped)
Insurance	Medicare	(Ref.)
	Medicaid	7.07 [− 0.38, 14.52]	0.063
	Private	1.13 [−4.26, 6.51]	0.681
	Other	− 1.65 [− 9.46, 6.17]	0.678
	Uninsured	− 2.98 [− 25.56, 19.60]	0.795
Primary DX	Cancer	1.89 [− 1.98, 5.75]	0.337	2.27 [− 1.96, 6.50]	0.291
	Non-cancer	(Ref.)
Enrolled	No	(Ref.)
In hospice	Yes	− 2.04 [− 6.16, 2.08]	0.331	− 2.92 [− 7.20, 1.36]	0.180
	Unknown	(Dropped)
Performance status (AKPS)		− 0.30 [− 0.45, − 0.15]	< .001	− 0.26 [− 0.41, − 0.10]	0.001
Comorbidities (CCI)		1.35 [0.68, 2.01]	< .001	1.02 [0.34, 1.71]	0.004

Symptom burden was assessed using the 9-item Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), with 3% of ESAS scores requiring imputed data if at least half but not all items were answered

HS, high school; AKPS, Australia-Modified Karnofsky Performance Status; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index