FIG 1.

Sporadic C. rodentium colonization at 4 DPI induces upregulation of the cell cycle and downregulation of metabolic processes. (A) Line graph showing average numbers of CFU/g feces with standard error of the mean bars over the time course of C. rodentium infection (n = 10). (B) Representative images of immunostaining of C. rodentium (white) and DNA (blue) on colonic sections (n = 10) from mock-infected (Mock) or infected mice at 4 DPI or 6 DPI, as indicated. Sections from 4 DPI were highly varied; thus, the image with the average level of C. rodentium staining was selected. Scale bar = 500 µm. (C) Heat map showing proteins with significantly altered abundances at 6 DPI compared to abundances in mock-infected mice and filtered for the 30% most altered proteins upon infection. Scaled abundances for 3 biological repeats of each time point are shown (R1 to R3). Profile plots show significant downregulated proteins in blue and upregulated proteins in red. The right-most plot shows relative enrichments of named KEGG and GOBP pathways. Fischer exact test FDR, <0.05. Benj. Hoch., Benjamini-Hochberg. (D) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Proteins are ranked according to log₂ values on the x axis, with increasingly negative log₂FC values on the far left (blue) to increasingly positive log₂FC values during infection on the far right (red). 1D annotation enrichment of KEGG pathways during infection are highlighted in the heat map on the y axis, with the most downregulated pathways at the top to the most upregulated pathways at the bottom. FDR < 0.05; t test (n = 3). (E) Venn diagram showing pathways that are upregulated (red) or downregulated (blue) at 4 DPI, 6 DPI, or both time points of infection. (F) Heat map of selected proteins from the top 100 proteins when statistically significantly altered abundances are ranked based on the highest fold change at 6 DPI compared to abundances in mock-infected controls.