Table 2. Clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings according to purpose of endoscopies in the patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
| Characteristics | Total (N = 310) | Screening endoscopy (N = 118) | Diagnostic endoscopy (N = 192) | P-valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at the time of endoscopy, No. (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| <40 years | 39 (12.6) | 5 (4.2) | 34 (17.7) | ||||
| 40–59 years | 182 (58.7) | 69 (58.5) | 113 (58.9) | ||||
| ≥60 years | 89 (28.7) | 44 (37.3) | 45 (23.4) | ||||
| Median CD4 cell count/mm3 (IQR) | 457.0 (217.3–667.3) | 590.5 (426.3–793.3) | 338.5 (68.5–595.5) | <0.001 | |||
| Median HIV RNA virus, log/mL, (IQR) | 0 (0–4.2) | 0 (0–0) | 2.1 (0–5.0) | <0.001 | |||
| Median observation period to endoscopy, years (IQR) | 4.6 (0.6–8.8) | 7.7 (4.4–11.4) | 2.5 (0.1–6.0) | <0.001 | |||
| Endoscopies after cART, No. (%) | 251 (81.0) | 110 (93.2) | 141 (73.4) | <0.001 | |||
| Median cART period to endoscopy, years (IQR) | 3.7 (0.2–7.8) | 7.5 (4.1–11.0) | 1.4 (0–5.6) | <0.001 | |||
| Endoscopic findings, No. (%) | |||||||
| Opportunistic infection | 36 (11.6) | 4 (3.4) | 32 (16.7) | <0.001 | |||
| Esophagus | |||||||
| Reflux esophagitis | 70 (22.6) | 21 (17.8) | 49 (25.5) | 0.114 | |||
| Esophageal candidiasis | 33 (10.6) | 4 (1.8) | 29 (15.1) | 0.001 | |||
| Esophageal ulcer | 19 (6.1) | 1 (0.8) | 18 (9.4) | 0.002 | |||
| CMV esophagitis | 5 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 5 (2.6) | 0.161 | |||
| HSV esophagitis | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.0) | 0.527 | |||
| Stomach | |||||||
| Erosive gastritis | 66 (21.3) | 30 (25.4) | 36 (18.8) | 0.163 | |||
| Gastric ulcer | 30 (9.7) | 10 (8.5) | 20 (10.4) | 0.574 | |||
| Atrophic gastritis | 133 (42.9) | 66 (55.9) | 67 (34.9) | <0.001 | |||
| Intestinal metaplasia | 60 (19.4) | 28 (23.7) | 32 (16.7) | 0.126 | |||
| Gastric cancer | 4 (1.3) | 3 (2.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0.156 | |||
| Kaposi sarcoma | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 1.000 | |||
| Duodenum | |||||||
| Duodenitis | 22 (7.1) | 9 (7.6) | 13 (6.8) | 0.776 | |||
| Duodenal ulcer | 6 (1.9) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (1.6) | 0.677 | |||
aComparison between screening endoscopy and diagnostic endoscopy
IQR, interquartile range; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; CMV, cytomegalovirus; HSV, herpes simplex virus.