Table 4.

Results of the difference-in-difference charge analysis for with and without chronic condition cohorts showing only the difference-in-difference statistic. The regression included the following variables: age, sex, HCC score, time, case, and time*case (which represents the difference-in-difference statistic after adjusting for the other variables). Where P<.10 for the natural log of the charge categories, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the P value and coefficient (β) for non–log-transformed charges are provided; if P≥.10, cells are left blank. Neither the with nor the without chronic condition cohort had difference-in-difference statistics that were P<.10 for acute care.

Type of charge	Chronic condition				Without chronic condition
	β LNa charge	95% CI	P value	βb charge $	β LN charge	95% CI	P value	β charge $
Acute care	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ERc care	—	—	—	—	–0.2	–0.422 to 0.022	0.08	–56
Outpatient	–0.43	–0.868 to 0.004	0.05	–1679	—	—	—	—
Total	–0.44	–0.884 to 0.009	0.06	–1590	—	—	—	—

^aLN: natural log.

^bCoefficient for non–log-transformed charges.

^cER: emergency room.