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. 2019 Mar 27;10:277. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00277

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Copyright © 2019 Metcalf, Huntsman, Garcia, Kochanski, Chikinda, Watanabe, Underwood, Vanegas, Smith, White and Bulaj.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Analgesic effects of music-based intervention in the carrageenan model of inflammatory pain in CD-1 mice. (A)—effects of 21-day exposure to the Mozart playlist (MUSIC–blue; CONTROL–white) on paw withdrawal latency. Carrageenan-injected (ipsilateral paws) show thermal hyperalgesia (reduced withdrawal latency) in comparison to non-injected (contralateral) paws. (B)—effects of music (MUSIC–blue; CONTROL–white) on activity of ibuprofen following i.p. administration. Ibuprofen was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg, 30 min prior to testing. Hyperalgesia was observed in animals exposed to control conditions whereas music-exposed and ibuprofen-treated animals show a normalized response to thermal stimulation (reduction of hyperalgesia). N = 5–8 per group. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test.