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. 2019 Mar 27;10:277. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00277

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Copyright © 2019 Metcalf, Huntsman, Garcia, Kochanski, Chikinda, Watanabe, Underwood, Vanegas, Smith, White and Bulaj.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Analgesic effects of music-based intervention in the carrageenan model of inflammatory pain in CF-1 mice. (A)—effects of 21-day exposure to the Mozart playlist (MUSIC–blue; CONTROL–white) on paw withdrawal latency difference. Latency differences (contralateral PWL–ipsilateral PWL) show that hyperalgesia was observed in animals exposed to control conditions and music-exposed mice show a reduced latency difference.^*P < 0.05. (B)—Effects of music-based intervention on paw thickness (edema) following carrageenan administration in CF-1 mice. Edema was observed following carrageenan in animals exposed to control conditions whereas music-exposed animals show a diminished edema (MUSIC–blue; CONTROL–white). ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001. N = 5–8 per group. Data were analyzed using either a t-test (A) or a two-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test (B).