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. 2019 Apr;189(4):868–885. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.12.010

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Evaluation of the scoliotic phenotype in JNK1/2 dKO and control mice. A–D: Micro–computed tomography (microCT) analysis of whole skeleton in 4-week–old (A and C) and 10-week–old (B and D) JNK1/2 dKO mice, compared with control mice (CTRL; B and D) and heterozygous mice (Het; A and C); C and D show high-resolution microCT (18 μm) of caudal lumbar region. Red arrows point to fusions in transverse processes, and yellow arrows point to fusions of spinous processes; red asterisk marks vertebral fusions at the level of the intervertebral disk. E–H: Alcian blue/Alizarin red staining of 10-week–old whole skeletons (E) and lumbosacral (F), thoracic (G), and cervical (H) regions. Red arrows show vertebral fusions in the dKO, whereas black arrows show similar locations in controls; yellow arrow shows cartilaginous fusion in the thoracic vertebrae. I: Dot plots for comparisons of body weights between 10-week–old wild-type (WT), CTRL, Het, and dKO. J: MicroCT analysis of lumbar scoliosis severity (Cobb angle) in 6-week–old CTRL/Het and dKO mice; dot plots for comparisons between genotypes and sexes. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (I and J). n = 4 (I, WT, and J, female/CTRL); n = 3 (I, CTRL, and J, male/CTRL and male/dKO); n = 5 (I, Het); n = 7 (I, dKO, and J, female/dKO). ∗P ≤ 0.05, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001. Scale bars: 5 mm (A, B, and E–H); 1 mm (C and D).