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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 3.
Published in final edited form as: J Orthop Res. 2012 Dec 13;31(5):783–791. doi: 10.1002/jor.22288

Table 2.

Insulin Treatment Enhances Fracture Callus Biomechanics

Fractured Femur Mechanical Testing Values
   4 Weeks Post-Fracture
 6 Weeks Post-Fracture
Maximum
Torque to
Failure
(Nmm)		 Maximum
Torsional
Rigidity
(Nmm2/rad)		 Shear Modulus
(MPa)		 Maximum
Shear
Stress
(MPa)		 Maximum
Torque to
Failure (Nmm)		 Maximum
Torsional
Rigidity
(Nmm2/rad)		 Shear Modulus
(MPa)		 Maximum Shear
Stress (MPa)
Saline control (n = 5 5) 178 ± 38 9.3 ± 5.0 × 103 235 ± 102 19 ± 3 498 ± 81 4.7 ± 2.0 × 104 2.9 ± 1.7 × 103 88 ± 31
10 Units local 248 ± 17a 1.9 ± 1.1 × 104 685 ± 542 30 ± 8a 537 ± 91 5.3 ± 1.6 × 104 4.2 ± 2.2 × 103 114 ± 39
 Ultralente
 insulin (n = 6)
p-values 0.008a 0.105 0.103 0.018a 0.472 0.566 0.298 0.275

The data represent mean values (±S.D.).

a

Represent values statistically higher than control, p < 0.05 versus control.