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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 3.
Published in final edited form as: J Orthop Res. 2012 Dec 13;31(5):783–791. doi: 10.1002/jor.22288

Table 4.

Insulin Treatment Enhances Early Fracture Callus Vascularity

7 Days Post-Fracture
Number of
Blood Vessels per
Unit Area
Subperiosteal
Region (Vessels/mm2)		 Number of
Blood Vessels per
per Unit Area
Gap Region
(Vessels/mm2)		 Number of
VEGF + Cells
per Unit Area
Subperiosteal
Region (Cells/mm2)		 Number of
VEGF + Cells
per Unit Area
Gap Region
(Cells/mm2)
Control 6.0 ± 1.4 (n = 5) 4.5 ± 2.1 (n = 5) 2.6 ± 0.9 (n = 5) 242 ± 34b (n = 5)
10 Units local 10.5 ± 2.3a (n = 4) 4.2 ± 2.7 (n = 4) 7.8 ± 1.2a (n = 3) 141 ± 50 (n = 3)
  ultralente insulin
p-values 0.008a 0.856 0.001a 0.014b

The data represent mean values (±SD).

a

Represent values statistically higher than control, p < 0.05 versus control.

b

Represent values statistically lower than control, p < 0.05 versus control