Fig. 5.

Effects of lonidamine on the inflammatory activity of RASFs and THP1. RASFs (n = 3) were incubated with LND (100 μM) overnight, followed by IL-1β (10 ng/mL) or TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. Then, cell culture medium was collected and subjected to ELISA analysis for IL-6 (a) and IL-8 (b). CXCL9 (c), CXCL10 (d), and CXCL11 (e) mRNA were assayed by RT-qPCR. f After stimulation with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 6 h, THP-1 was treated with LND (100 μM) for another 24 h and the supernatant was collected for analyzing the release of TNF-α and IL-1β by ELISA. RASFs were incubated in presence or absence of LND/vehicle (g), or siHK-I/II/siCtrl (h), and stimulated with TNF-α, IL-1β, or CoCl₂ for 24 h. Peripheral blood leucocytes from healthy donors were incubated with conditioned medium from RASFs in a transwell system for 6 h, and the number of migrating leucocytes was counted. Results in THP-1 are technical replicates, and data are shown as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01significantly different