Table 3.
Association of participants demographic, clinical, and regimen characteristics with virologic failure.
| Characteristics | Sub-group | Number (%) of Patients with Early Virologic Failure (24 Weeks) | P value | Number (%) of Patients with Late Virologic Failure (72 Weeks) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Female | 2516 (31.02) | 0.001 | 1768 (32.86) | 0.093 |
| Male | 1336 (33.89) | 902 (34.76) | |||
| Age, years | 15-24 | 224 (31.64) | 0.734 | 181 (39.61) | 0.008 |
| 25-45 | 3021 (32.14) | 2071 (33.35) | |||
| >45 | 593 (31.24) | 405 (31.71) | |||
| WHO disease stage | 1 | 975 (24.71) | <0.001 | 791 (29.88) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 1119 (31.5) | 826 (33.05) | |||
| 3 | 1318 (42.89) | 792 (38.06) | |||
| 4 | 254 (35.93) | 145 (34.04) | |||
| CD4 cell count cells/mm3 | ≤100 | 1610 (37.97) | <0.001 | 1103 (38.91) | <0.001 |
| 101-200 | 1300 (33.15) | 824 (28.97) | |||
| 201-350 | 767 (26.56) | 587 (31.39) | |||
| >350 | 159 (16.58) | 151 (38.42) | |||
| HIV viral load copies/ml | ≤10,000 | 814 (25.23) | <0.001 | 634 (31.31) | 0.001 |
| 10,001-105 | 1461 (31.33) | 1015 (32.64) | |||
| >105 | 1577 (37.87) | 1021 (35.95) | |||
| Hepatitis B status | Negative | 2780 (33.23) | 0.10 | 1877 (32.94) | 0.605 |
| Positive | 691 (31.38) | 469 (33.67) | |||
| Tuberculosis | Yes | 243 (42.41) | <0.001 | 138 (31.65) | 0.56 |
| No | 401 (28.95) | 319 (30.12) | |||
| Baseline regimen backbone | efavirenz | 902 (34.1) | 0.001 | 543 (33.5) | <0.001 |
| nevirapine | 2875 (31.2) | 2062 (33.1) | |||
| Triple NRTI | 75 (39.9) | 65 (52) | |||
| Baseline NRTI | abacavir | 124 (39.87) | <0.001 | 72 (30.9) | <0.001 |
| zidovudine | 1879 (29.7) | 1379 (31.7) | |||
| stavudine | 317 (28.3) | 244 (30.1) | |||
| didanosine | 108 (40.2) | 69 (36.3) | |||
| tenofovir | 1424 (35.4) | 906 (37.9) | |||
| ART start year | 2004-2006 | 1692 (33.6) | <0.001 | 1162 (30.3) | <0.001 |
| 2007-2009 | 1811 (33.6) | 1285 (34.9) | |||
| 2010-2012 | 346 (21.5) | 221 (47.9) | |||
| Adherence† | <95% | 715 (43.2) | <0.001 | 473 (45.7) | <0.001 |
| ≥95% | 3137 (30.2) | 2197 (31.7) |
†average adherence at 24, and 72 weeks were included in the analysis of virologic outcome at 24, and 72 weeks respectively; the comparison was by chi-square analysis; Values in italics show a significant association.