Table 2.

Comparison of Medications

Drug	Onset of Action (minutes)	Peak Effect (minutes)	Duration of Effect (minutes)	Dosing/Initial Dose	Maximum Dose	Significant Adverse Effects
Fentanyl	1‐2	3‐5	30‐60	25‐100 μg	400 μg	Respiratory depression, vomiting, transient hypotension
Midazolam	1‐2	3‐4	15‐80	1‐2 mg	10 mg	Respiratory depression, disinhibition
Propofol	<1	1‐2	4‐8	10‐40 μg	400 μg	Respiratory depression, cardiovascular instability
Ketamine	<1	1	10‐15	0.5 mg/kg	Titrate to effect	Emergence reaction, laryngospasm

Adapted with permission from Gastroenterology.28 Copyright 2007, Elsevier.