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Overview of phenylpropanoid and monolignol biosynthetic pathways. The expression of the genes encoding the enzymes in bold was induced by S. hermonthica infection in rice roots. C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; PTAL, bifunctional Phe Tyr ammonia-lyase; 4CL, 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase; HCT, p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; CSE, caffeoyl shikimate esterase; CCR, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; PMT, p-coumaroyl-CoA: monolignol transferase; LAC, laccase; PRX, peroxidase.
