Representative structures of nematode CLE-like, CEP-like, and IDA-like proteins. Cyst and reniform nematode CLE and CEP-like proteins contain an N-terminal signal peptide, a variable domain, and either single or multiple conserved C-terminal peptide motifs similar to plant CLE or CEPs, respectively. The green box in the variable domain of cyst and reniform nematode CLE and CEP-like proteins denotes a cryptic signal peptide sequence. Root-knot nematode CLE, CEP, and IDA-like proteins lack a variable domain sequence.