Figure 5.

Two models to explain how crwn mutations affect disease signaling and other phenotypes. A, The first model posits that crwn mutations lead to transcriptional changes via the disruption in the direct action of CRWN proteins or epigenetic mechanisms (e.g. through changes in chromatin modification or three-dimensional genomic configuration). In this first model, overexpression of SID2 and subsequent SA accumulation lead to pathogen defense phenotypes and an LMM syndrome. B, In the alternative model, cell damage and/or death due to nuclear dysfunction is the primary effect of crwn mutations. Downstream effects of age-dependent cell damage/death are amplified via an SA-mediated pathway, but an SA-independent pathway also mediates developmental defects.