Analysis of the importance of loliolide in herbivore resistance using Arabidopsis. A, D, E, F, and H, F. occidentalis females were inoculated on the leaves of wild-type (Col-0) or the indicated mutant plants floated on a solution containing 300 μM loliolide or 0.1% methanol as a control, and the numbers of laid eggs were counted 3 d after the inoculation. Values for (A), (D), (E), (F), and (H) are the mean ± sd (n = 10–19 replicates). B and G, Endogenous loliolide contents in the leaves of wild-type, szl1-1 (B), and coi1-1 (G) plants. Values for (B) and (G) are the mean ± sd (n = five to six plants). C, Photographs taken 14 d after the inoculation of wild-type and szl1-1 plants with F. occidentalis. I, Time course of loliolide accumulation after wounding of wild-type Col-0 plants. J and K, Endogenous loliolide contents in the leaves of wild-type and coi1-1 plants 0 and 24 h after wounding (J) or inoculation with F. occidentalis (K). For (I) n = 10 replicates for each time point, (J) n = 8 replicates, and (K) n = 5 replicates, values are the mean ± sd. Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (for A, B, D, E, F, and H, P < 0.05, t test; for G, P > 0.05; t test; for I, J, and K, P < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer HSD test). LL, loliolide; WT, wild type.