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. 2019 Jan 22;218(4):1096–1107. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201809012

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© 2019 Rickman and Smogorzewska

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

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Figure 1. — Replication fork intermediates visualized by EM. To visualize replication fork intermediates, replicating cells are treated with the cross-linking agent psoralen, which cross-links DNA upon UVA exposure. The cross-linked duplex DNA is then visualized by EM, and replication intermediates are analyzed. ssDNA versus dsDNA is determined by measuring DNA fiber thickness. Progressing replication forks, reversed replication forks, and replication forks containing ssDNA gaps at the replication fork junction (thick black arrow) and behind the fork (thick white arrow) have been visualized. Scale bars indicate 0.5 kb in main images and 0.2 kb in insets. EM micrographs are reproduced with permission from Zellweger et al. (2015).