Table 2. Seroprevalence of arboviruses, symptoms and exposure to Rift Valley fever virus reported by the military contingent deployed in Abeïbara, Mali, in September and October 2016, French Armed Forces (n = 99).
| Participant characteristics | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Reported symptoms | ||
| Feeling feverish | 15 | 15.2 |
| Headache | 29 | 29.3 |
| Retro-orbital pain | 6 | 6.1 |
| Vision disorders | 3 | 3.0 |
| Arthralgia | 16 | 16.2 |
| Myalgia | 21 | 21.2 |
| Diarrhoea | 18 | 18.2 |
| Retrospectively classified as suspected casesa | 14 | 14.2 |
| Seeking care for fever | 12 | 12.2 |
| Positive arbovirus serology | ||
| IgM RVFV | 0 | 0.0 |
| IgG RVFV | 1 | 1.0 |
| IgM Flavivirus (dengue, WNV, ZKV | 0 | 0.0 |
| IgG Flavivirus (dengue, WNV, ZKV) | 26 | 26.3 |
| IgM Alphavirus (CHIKV) | 0 | 0.0 |
| IgG Alphavirus (CHIKV) | 20 | 20.2 |
| Exposure to RVFV | ||
| Direct contact with ruminantsb | 35 | 35.4 |
| Contact with dead ruminantsb | 20 | 20.2 |
| Participation in the slaughter of a goat | 28 | 28.3 |
| Cleaning or sleeping in a room where animals were kept | 47 | 47.5 |
| Care of a wounded person | 6 | 6.1 |
| Consumption of raw milk | 3 | 3.0 |
| Mosquito bites | 84 | 84.8 |
CHIKV: chikungunya virus; RVFV: Rift Valley fever virus; WNV: West Nile virus; ZKV: Zika virus.
a According to the definition of suspected cases: French service member who presented fever > 38.5 °C associated with headache or retro-orbital pains or arthralgia or myalgia or rash between 1 September and 15 October 2016.
b The implicated ruminants were goats, zebu cattle and, in rare cases, camels.