Table 4.

Potential treatments for targeting EGFR in patients with BTC

References	Phase	Agent investigated	Number of patients	Patient group	Survival	Comment
145	II	Erlotinib	42	aBTC	8% confirmed response rate	28% in the EGFR group were PF at 5.52 months
107	III	Erlotinib with GemOx	268	IHC, EHC, GBC, AVC	30% ORR in the erlotinib arm	No difference in OS
146	II	Cetuximab with GemCape	34	aBTC	Median PFS =7.89 months	Median OS =14.45 months
147	II	Cetuximab with GemOx	122	aBTC	Median PFS =6.7 months vs 4.1 months (P=0.05)	No significant benefit in OS, no relation to KRAS mutation
148	II	Cetuximab with GemOx	150	aBTC	PFS =6.1 months	Failed to reach PEP (improvement in PFS)
149	II	Panitumumab with GemOx	46	Unresectable KRAS wt BTC	Median PFS =8.3 months	Median OS =10.0 months
150	II	Panitumumab with CisGem	93	KRAS wt aBTC and aGBC	PFS at 6 months =73% (P=0.24)	Failed to reach PEP. OS =21.4 months (P=0.35)
151	II	Panitumumab with GemOx	31	KRAS wt aBTC	Median PFS =10.6 months	Median OS =20.3 months

Abbreviations: aBTC, advanced biliary tract cancer; aGBC, advanced gallbladder cancer; AVC, ampulla of Vater cancer; CisGem, cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy; EHC, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; GBC, gallbladder cancer; GemCape, gemcitabine and capecitabine; GemOx, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin; IHC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; ORR, overall response rate; OS, overall survival; PEP, primary end point; PF, progression free; PFS, progression-free survival; wt, wild type.