. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Histochem Cell Biol. 2018 Oct 24;150(6):693–702. doi: 10.1007/s00418-018-1746-x

Table 2:

The main functions of gastrointestinal hormones

Major function	Examples of relevant hormonal influences	Hormones
Ingestion	Appetite, satiety, rejection of toxic or harmful elements in food	CCK, GLP-1, PYY (satiety); ghrelin (appetite); 5-HT (nausea)
Digestion	Secretion of digestive agents (acid, hormones), motility, induction of transporters	Gastrin, histamine, CCK (secretion of digestive agents); motilin, 5-HT (motility), GLP-1 (transporter induction), somatostatin, secretin
Metabolism	Glucose uptake and storage, growth hormone release, lipid mobilisation, bone metabolism	GIP, GLP-1, ghrelin, 5-HT